The Perception of Parental Relationship: A Comparison of Adolescents Older and Younger Than 15 Years of Age This study evaluates the difference in risk behavior and depressive symptomalogy in adolescents, as parenting styles change through developmental stages. A group of students older and younger than 15 years old, in Santiago's Metropolitan Region were screened for these behaviors and symptoms, focusing upon the relationship with parents. Barber's Cross National Adolescent Program test, adapted and validated in Chile, was given to a 1 447 students, randomly selected in 14 Middle Schools. Barber's model was used to compare upbringing styles. Results show that parental support correlates with children's social initiative, psychological control shows positive correlation with depressive symptomatology, and behavioral control shows a negative correlation with antisocial behavior. The only variable showing age bracket variability is antisocial adolescent behavior, when external and internal aggressive behavior are compared. The results suggest that Barber's model can be applied among Chilean adolescents 10 to 19 years of age. The implications of these findings, and possible preventive actions are presented.

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The aim of this study is to corroborate a reference framework that relates parental styles with drugs consumption, depression, self and other aggressive behaviors. We found that parents' acceptance correlates positively with adolescents' initiative and negatively with depressive and suicidal symptoms; psychological control with depression and behavioral control with antisocial behavior. Material and Methods: The CNAP+ (Cross National Adolescent Program) questionnaire (version CNAP Plus) was adapted in interaction with its author; and then was applied to a representative, random, three-stages sample of the Metropolitan Region (n = 1.447). Results: The worse the relation with parents, the higher the consumption, depression, suicidal ideation and hetero aggressive behaviors. Spearman's correlation coefficients were found in the same direction of a previous transcultural CNAP study. Frequent consumption of alcohol was found in 26.9%, of tobacco in 31.2%, of marihuana in 6.9% and of cocaine or other drugs in 2.3% of the sample studied. The same sample has suicide ideation 7.76% and depressive symptoms 6.9%. Self aggression prevailed among women and hetero aggression among men. With age there was an increase in alcohol consumption (χ 2 = 107.95, p = 0.0001), of tobacco (χ 2 = 63.02, p = 0.0001), of marihuana (χ 2 = 18.78, p = 0.001) and of cocaine (χ 2 = 8.995, p = 0.06). There is differential by age in violent behaviors, suicide ideation or depressive