: Albedo is known as a factor that directly impacts on the surface energy balance one of the elements of earth radiation balance. The change of albedo includes the change of soil moisture, vegetation, solar zenith angle, snow, and so on. In addition, it operates as a crucial path to understanding feedback mechanisms between radiation balance and its influence on climate and vegetation dynamics and therefore, observing the variation of albedo is a one of the essential procedures for anticipating climate change. In this study, we used MODIS 16-Day composited Albedo data from 2001 to 2011 years with the purpose of observing the change of albedo over Northeast Asia. According to the tendency of albedo for 11 years, albedo in the area of an active vegetation has increased in near-infrared (NIR) domain and decreased in visible (VIS) domain. On the basis of local changes in vegetation in 2002, the both area of the Gobi Desert and the Manchuria was enormously changed and chosen the research area and furthermore, the vegetation of both regions had deteriorated due to the change of the minimum value since 2010.

We demonstrate a wearable temperature sensor based on a Peltier thermoelectric device. The wearable temperature sensor is attached to the wrist using a bracelet, which can monitor, control, and change the human body temperature using a local temperature change. The body temperature was changed by transferring the heat from one side to the other side of the Peltier semiconductor or vice versa. The feedback control system was used to maintain the human body temperature during increases and decreases in the temperature of the surrounding environment. The results showed the changes in body temperature over 300 s in 100 trials with different rates of increase and decrease in the temperature. The highest relative increase in temperature was 86.1% with a change from 18.7 to 34.8 °C, while the lowest relative increase was 1.2% with a change from 24.6 to 24.9 °C. The average change was 33.5% with a standard deviation of 25.5%. This technology provides a basis for next-generation wearable temperature sensors to control and change the temperature of the human body.

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