This study investigated the effects of administering poly-γ-glutamic acid (γ-PGA), isoflavones, and γ-PGA with isoflavones on the lipid, fatty liver, and gene expression levels associated with fatty acid oxidation and adipose synthesis in high-fat diet (HFD)-induced C57BL/6 mice. The results demonstrate a significant decrease in the body weight gain, food intake, food efficiency, liver weight, and epididymal adipose tissue of the experimental groups in comparison with the HFD-induced control group. The serum biochemistry indices for hepatic damage, hyperlipidemia, hyperglycemia, and lipid deposits in the liver and adipose tissue were also lower in the experimental groups than in the control group. The anti-oxidative index, and cytokine and enzyme levels associated with obesity (e.g., leptin, adiponectin, AMPK, CPT-1, PPARα, GLUT-4, and UCP-2) were enhanced in the experimental groups in comparison with the control group. These results demonstrate that γ-PGA and isoflavones improved the blood lipid level, insulin resistance, and hyperglycemia. Increased fatty acid oxidation inhibited the synthesis and accumulation of adipose tissue. The results suggest that γ-PGA and isoflavones could be used as new functional foods for preventing obesity.

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