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Halogen flame retardants are substances that block combustion by adding chemicals that have flame-retardant properties. Among them, short-chain chlorinated paraffins (SCCPs), tris (2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP) etc. are used in chlorine-based flame retardants. SCCPs were listed in the Stockholm Convention as persistent organic pollutants (POPs) in 2017. POPs are harmful substances that do not decompose in the natural environment but accumulate in plant and animal tissues through the food chain of the ecosystem and have a fatal influence. In this study, we investigate whether waste containing flame retardants becomes environmentally stable after thermal treatment using a lab-scale reactor. The target samples consisted of a cell phone case made of cloth and leather, a flame-retardant rubber sheet, polyurethane foam, a car seat, and a cell phone case made of silicone. We produced a lab-scale reactor. The incineration temperatures used were 850 ℃ and 1,100 ℃. No SCCPs, TCEP, TDPP, or TDCP were detected in the exhaust gas after incineration. Thus, decomposition was assumed to be sufficient owing to incineration. After analyzing five kinds of exhaust gases, the concentration of O 2 was found to be high, but the concentration of CO was reduced. It is assumed that complete combustion is difficult owing to the small size of the furnace due to the nature of the lab-scale reactor. As a result, no halogen flame retardant substance was detected in the exhaust gas coming from the lab-scale reactor. However, considering the occurrence of dioxins and unintentional POPs, operation at more than 1,100 ℃ is considered possible.

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Incineration plants using solid refused fuel (SRF) should control their air pollution materials to minimize environmental impact. This study evaluated the emission of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxin/dibenzofurans (PCDD/DFs) congener patterns in seven commercial incineration plants in Korea using SRF and biomass SRF (bio-SRF). We examined the reduction rate differences of PCDD/DFs, depending on the air pollutant control device. All seven incineration plants sufficiently managed their dioxin emissions. However, both SRF and bio-SRF incineration plants showed active chlorination reactions and resulted in a large amount of highly chlorinated dioxins. The average dioxin concentration was 0.02 ng international toxic equivalency quantity (I-TEQ)/Sm3. Ratios of 1,2,3,4,6,7,8-HpCDF and 1,2,3,7,8-PeCDF were high in the waste heat boilers of both SRF and bio-SRF incineration plants. The octachlorinated dibenzofuran (OCDF) ratio was only high in the SRF incineration plants. Octachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (OCDD) and OCDF exhibited high dioxin ratios. SRF incineration plants had a low ratio of OCDF to 1,2,3,4,6,7,8-HpCDF. In addition, the reduction rate of PCDD/DFs was substantially high after treatment with the air pollutant control device.