Pirolisis dapat menjadi salah satu solusi dalam menghasilkan sumber energi alternatif dan juga dapat mengurangi jumlah limbah plastik Polietilena (PE). Pirolisis dengan menggunakan katalis lebih efektif dibandingkan tanpa katalis. Residue Catalytic Cracking (RCC) adalah katalis bekas dari proses perengkahan minyak bumi. Penelitian ini akan membandingkan crude oil hasil pirolisis-katalis (RCC) dengan crude oil hasil pirolisis-katalis zeolit alam yang berasal dari Lampung (zeolit). Analisis komposisi katalis RCC menunjukkan unsur yang menyerupai zeolit, dan analisis uji fisik menunjukkan luas pemukaan serta luas pori RCC lebih besar dibandingkan dengan zeolit. Yield (%) crude oil hasil pirolisis RCC lebih besar dibandingkan dengan zeolit. Hasil distilasi pada RCC dan zeolit menunjukkan IBP (°C) adalah 63 dan 70; FBP (°C) adalah 371 dan 374; residu (%Vol) adalah 2,5 dan 3,4; loss (%Vol) adalah 1,5 dan 0,6. Hasil tersebut menunjukkan crude oil hasil pirolisis dengan RCC dan zeolit tidak berbeda jauh, namun residu yang dihasilkan oleh RCC lebih sedikit dibandingan dengan zeolit. Hasil karakterisasi fraksinasi dari kedua crude oil adalah light nafta (C4-C7), heavy nafta (C7-C11), kerosin (C10-C16), light gas oil (C12-C14), heavy gas oil (C16-C28) dan residu (> C25). Secara deskriptif, crude oil hasil pirolisis dengan RCC menunjukkan kualitas yang lebih bagus dibandingkan dengan crude oil hasil pirolisis dengan zeolit.
Pseudomonas azotoformans known for the benefit on agriculture area as soil fertility enhancer. Pseudomonas azotoformans UICC B-91 was successfully isolated from tissues of N. altissima which traditionally known for treating infectious diseases. Therefore, endophytic P. azotoformans might contain antimicrobial compound. This research aims on exploring the antimicrobial activities of several extracts P. azotoformans UICC B-91 against pathogenic microbes. Isolates were extracted with dichloromethane, chloroform, and ethyl acetate. Each crude extract was observed for its potential antimicrobial activity with disc diffusion method against several pathogen microbes. Bioactive compound was assayed by thin layer chromatography (TLC) and screened by bioautography. Results indicated that all crude extract have inhibitory effect on Escherichia coli ATCC 8739, Bacillus cereus ATCC 10876, Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 6583, Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923, Salmonella typhimurium ATCC 25241, Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 15442, Bacillus subtilis ATCC 19659 and Candida albicans ATCC 10231. Highest clear zone was on dichloromethane extract. TLC fraction of dichloromethane extract was able to inhibit growth on pathogenic bacteria (except for B. subtilis ATCC 19659 and S. aureus ATCC 6583) and fungi at minimum concentration in the range 125-1,000 μg/mL and 125 μg/mL, respectively. Bioactive compound from endophytic P. azotoformans extracted with dichloromethane have antibacterial and anticandidal effect.
Antimicrobial activity analysis were regarding to disc diffusion. 10,11 The antimicrobial activity was measured by diameter of clear zone minus diameter of disc diffusion. Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC)TLC analytical, TLC-bioautography and semipreparative separation were performed on aluminium silica TLC F254 plates. The TLC plates were developed with mobile phase chloroform: methanol (9:1) (F1, F3, F4, and F5) and hexane: ethyl acetate (7:3) (F2). Screening for antimicrobial compound conducted by TLC-bioautography. 12 Positive result reflected on clear zone developed by Rf. Further TLC-separation on clear zone-Rf were developed with chloroform: ethyl acetate (5:5) (F1, F4, and F5).
This study aims to analyze the leading sectors in West Pasaman District and find the structure change economic in West Pasaman District. The method used in this study is Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) to see the leading sector and Shift Share Analysis to see a chage in economic structure in West Pasaman District. This type of research is descriptive and quantitative research with the data used are primary data and PDRB data from 2012-2016. The results showed that (1) the leading sector in West Pasaman District was agriculture, forestry and fisheries (2) there was a change in the economic structure in West Pasaman District from the agricultural sector to the industrial sector and services
Antibacterial sachets are one of the technological approaches to maintaining food freshness by releasing active compounds through the headspace to inhibit bacterial growth. In this study, an antibacterial sachet was developed from the inclusion complex of β-cyclodextrin/lemongrass oil (β-CD/LO) to maintain the freshness of shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei). The β-CD/LO inclusion complex was prepared using the coprecipitation method. The antibacterial sachet was prepared by filling a nonwoven fabric bag with 1 g of the β-CD/LO inclusion complex, inserted inside the shrimp packaging, and stored for 30 h at room temperature. The total volatile base nitrogen (TVBN) value was monitored as a spoilage indicator caused by bacterial activity during storage. The inclusion complex had antimicrobial activity against E. coli ATCC 8739 and S. aureus ATCC25923 which correlates with its ability to inhibit shrimp spoilage due to bacterial activity. The release study suggested that the inclusion complex exhibited a sustainable release of active compounds, ensuring protection against evaporation and maintaining the active compound for a long time. The TVBN value of the control shrimp had exceeded the threshold (>25 mg/100 g) after 18 h of storage, whereas in the packaged shrimp with the addition of antibacterial sachets, the same TVBN levels were reached after 30 h. The shelf life of shrimp can be extended up to 12 h at room temperature (28 AE 2 °C) because the active compounds reach the surface of the shrimp in a controlled manner so that bacterial growth can be inhibited.
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