Despite a series of advances in the establishment of specialized services for women in all regions of the country, many still face great difficulties in accessing abortion services.  Even in relation to anencephaly, there are still challenges for the proper structuring of legal abortion services, as it is difficult to identify health professionals available for abortion care permitted by law.  This article discusses the issues involved in these cases.  It was concluded that, due to the moral and religious stigma, there is a refusal of doctors related to the practice of abortion, despite the existence of Brazilian technical norms that regulate this practice.  However, the right to conscientious objection is not necessarily recognized in the absence of another medical professional to assist women when there is a risk of death.  Keywords: Anencephaly, Abortion, Women's Rights.