The impact of division of labor, including emotional work, on levels of depressive symptoms was examined. A self-selected sample of 102 middle-class couples with at least 1 child under 5 years of age completed questionnaires. Women's depressive symptoms were predicted by emotional work, as well as by appraisal of conflict between a division of labor that would suit themselves and a division that would be best for the family. Men's depressive symptoms were predicted by their spouse's disagreement with their estimate of how much housework they performed. Depressive symptoms for both men and women were associated with discrepancies between premarital expectations and the current division of labor. Focus on division of labor, especially sharing of emotional work, is recommended for treating depression.Traditional theories of depression do not account for the fact that women are twice as likely as men to suffer depressive symptoms (e.g., Beck, Rush, Shaw, & Emery, 1979). Depressive symptoms are highest for young adult women, particularly during the postpartum and early child-rearing stages (

Although charismatic, inspiring, and transformational leaders enhance work attitudes in stable work environments, their utility in dynamic contexts has not been investigated extensively. Furthermore, whether or not the benefits of this leadership style depend on openness to change has not been explored. To redress these shortfalls, leaders (n = 57) and followers (n = 91) in a post‐merger Indonesian bank completed questionnaires that assess the perceived leadership style of supervisors, as well as the job satisfaction, intention to leave, commitment to the change, and openness to change in employees. Affectivity of leaders was also examined. Transformational leadership was positively related to job satisfaction, particularly when employees demonstrated openness to change. Furthermore, leaders who experienced positive affect were most likely to demonstrate transformational leadership. This finding indicates that leadership styles that are regarded as effective in stable environments are also applicable soon after mergers, especially if employees conceptualize change as an opportunity for growth and advancement.

Findings supporting the proposition that dance movement improves a person's body image have been contradictory. Previous work focussed on styles such as ballet, jazz, and modern dance but it is arguable that creative dance movement, with its less structured approach and absence of predetermined performance standards, will have a positive influence on body image. This study examine scores on the Multidimensional Body-Self Relations Questionnaire of 112 women between 18 and 69 years who had been actively participating in creative dance movement courses for periods ranging from two weeks to 16.5 years. Subjects experienced in creative dance movement were more satisfied with their appearance, fitness, and body parts than subjects with less than five years of experience. Differences in evaluation of health were not clearly established. Given this analysis and the potential for wide-spread clinical use of creative dance movement with people having body-image disturbances, empirical research on the relationship between creative dance movement and body image is warranted.

An investigation of the relationship between impaired control over gambling, coping strategies, and demographic variables was conducted by surveying female poker machine players (N = 163) in their gaming venues. Metropolitan (n = 14) and regional (n = 6) gaming venues in Victoria, Australia participated. Control over gambling was measured using the Impaired Control Over Gambling Scale (Baron & Dickerson, 1994). Coping strategies were measured using (Folkman et al., 1986) adaptation of the Revised Ways of Coping Checklist (Vitaliano et al., 1985). MANOVA supported the hypothesis that the lower the control over gambling the greater the reliance on emotion-focused coping (blamed self, wishful thinking, avoidance) with F = 9.92, 13.35, 14.04 respectively, all significant at p <.001. MANOVA failed to supported the hypothesis that problem-focused strategies (problem focus, seek social support) would be significantly related to control over gambling with F =.82 and.21 respectively. Control over gambling was not related to age, employment, relationship status, education, or distress from significant life events, further supporting the relationship between control and coping strategies. Ways in which coping styles might be related to pathological gambling are discussed.