The article is devoted to the problem of determining the available throughput capacity of the railways and assessment of possible infrastructure capacity losses using the simulation method. As a result, the simulation model of the intermediate station has been proposed, which determines the order of trains passing. This model can be used for determination the available throughput capacity in the Throughput Development and Processing Abilities Department and the Train Schedule Department of the Central Directorate of Traffic Management, a branch of JSC «Russian Railways».

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The article proposes methodological principles for substantiating the specialization of main railway lines based on the primary types of passenger or freight traffic in order to improve the level of transport services, economic efficiency, and reliability of the transportation process. The search for a solution to the problem provides a rational distribution of transport flows and investment measures, with the subsequent finding of a compromised operation for a set of effective alternatives.

The paper contains a review of studies in cargo and empty cars delivery reliability, describes methods of reliability calculation and monetary evaluation. The analysis showed that monetary evaluation when reliability is considered the main emphasis should be put on its for all participants of transportation process. Consignors/consignees are, as a rule, concerned about logistical control in terms of steady and regular carriages; carriers pay more attention to process operations and loading of the infrastructure elements; railway rolling stock operators give the first place to the turnaround of main operating assets.

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