Tuberculosis (TB) does not respect borders, and migration confounds global TB control and elimination. Systematic screening of immigrants from TB high burden settings and—to a lesser degree TB infection (TBI)—is recommended in most countries with a low incidence of TB. The aim of the study was to evaluate the views of a diverse group of international health professionals on TB management among migrants. Participants expressed their level of agreement using a six-point Likert scale with different statements in an online survey available in English, French, Mandarin, Spanish, Portuguese and Russian. The survey consisted of eight sections, covering TB and TBI screening and treatment in migrants. A total of 1055 respondents from 80 countries and territories participated between November 2019 and April 2020. The largest professional groups were pulmonologists (16.8%), other clinicians (30.4%), and nurses (11.8%). Participants generally supported infection control and TB surveillance established practices (administrative interventions, personal protection, etc.), while they disagreed on how to diagnose and manage both TB and TBI, particularly on which TBI regimens to use and when patients should be hospitalised. The results of this first knowledge, attitude and practice study on TB screening and treatment in migrants will inform public health policy and educational resources.

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Aim. Study of the current state of problems of treatment of patients with tuberculosis based on literature data and their own experience. Materials and methods. In the Russian Federation, the number and proportion of patients with co-infection with HIV/tuberculosis continues to increase against the background of improvement in the main epidemiological indicants for tuberculosis. In 2017, 20.9% of newly diagnosed tuberculosis patients had HIV infection. The combination of the two infections significantly complicates the further improvement of the situation with tuberculosis, and the appearance of drug-resistant strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis sometimes completely neutralizes the results of chemotherapy. The article describes the schemes of modern tuberculosis chemotherapy taking into account HIV/tuberculosis co-infection, as well as MDR in combination with surgical treatment methods, as well as analyzes the data of epidemiological monitoring of treatment of 1115 tuberculosis patients newly diagnosed in 2017 in Moscow, 360 tuberculosis patients with MDR MBT (cohort 20132014), the results of treatment with the use of new chemotherapy regimens for tuberculosis (bedaquiline, linezolid, moxifloxacin) in 36 patients, the effectiveness and safety of surgical methods in 192 patients. Results. The application of new individualized anti-TB chemotherapy schedules in patients with HIV co-infection/tuberculosis with MDR-MBT has allowed to improve the treatment efficacy. The surgical intervention combined with modern chemotherapy regimens in patients with HIV/tuberculosis co-infection with MDR MBT has been proved to be effective and safe, contributes to the improving the results of treatment for this category of patients. Conclusion. The confluence of two global problems of co-infection HIV/TB and MDR TB, significantly prevents from the end of the tuberculosis epidemic in the world. At the same time, advances in the development and implementation of new anti-TB drugs and surgical treatment methods give hope for significant progress for resolving this situation.

Relevance. Employees of a TB facility are a high-risk group for the incidence of COVID-19 due to their involvement in the detection and treatment of a new coronavirus infection, so vaccination of staff should play a significant role in their protection against a new coronavirus infection. Aim. Analyze the incidence of COVID-19 in employees of a large TB medical organization in a big city before and after mass immunization with anti-coronavirus vaccines. Materials & Methods. An analysis was made of the incidence of a new coronavirus infection COVID-19 among employees of the Moscow Research and Clinical Center for Tuberculosis Control during April 1, 2020–September 30, 2021, considering two periods of nine months in 2020 (2771 employees) and 2021 (2845 employees) and taking into account the data on the implementation of the first and second vaccinations carried out during the study period. Calculation of the average weekly and annual incidence per 1000 employees was carried out taking into account the different time spent by employees "at risk of getting sick". The incidence rate was calculated both for the entire study period as a whole and for weeks of high risk of COVID-19 incidence in the population of Moscow with an indicator of 500 or more per 100,000 population. Results. A comparative analysis of the incidence of COVID-19, registered from April 1, 2020 to October 1, 2021, was carried out among the average number of 2808 employees of the leading anti-TB institution in Moscow, taking into account vaccination. During the period under review, a total of 35.5% of employees in the institution fell ill and the annual incidence of staff was 177.4 per 1000 employees. 5.7% [95% CI 4.4–7.4%] of previously ill employees had a recurrence of the disease. Being unvaccinated until September 2020 and limitedly vaccinated until July 2021, the staff of the Center was massively immunized from July to August 2021 – up to 86.0% of the institution's staff by the end of the observation period. Based on the calculation of the weekly number of disease cases and of not yet ill persons among fully vaccinated, vaccinated with one drug, not vaccinated and previously ill, the incidence in these groups was compared, taking into account the time at risk of disease before a new case of COVID-19 was registered. For periods of high monthly incidence of the city's population (above 500 per 100 thousand), the annual notification rate of the unvaccinated was 2.8 times higher than that of the fully vaccinated (408.2 and 144.0 per 1000 people, RR = 2.8 [95% CI: 2.0–4.0]). The notification rate among those vaccinated with only one component of the two-component vaccine was 1.5 times higher than among those who were not vaccinated (271.5 and 409.2 per 1000 people. RR = 1.5 [95% CI: 1.04–2.2]). The probability of getting sick in fully vaccinated people was significantly higher than in those who previous infected with SARS-CoV-2 (144.0 and 78.0 per 1000 people, RR = 1.9 [95% CI: 1.1–3.1]). Conclusions. The obvious effectiveness of vaccination has been confirmed, including among the personnel of medical organizations directly involved in the fight against a new coronavirus infection.