Abstract:The Aarne-Thompson-Uther index contains rich data on the tale repertoire of the main areas of Eurasia and North Africa, but it is still Eurocentric, and does not reflect many widespread tale-types that are not registered in Europe or rarely found across the region. We have revealed several plots of such kind. Their distribution seems to point to the eastern part of the Great Steppe as the area of their origin. Later on waves of nomads might have brought these plots to Europe. In this article, two of them are analysed in detail: The Encoded Message (that includes rather different versions) and The Big Bull. Both find correspondences in Balto-Finnic traditions, which allows us to discuss them in the context of previously unrecognised or poorly studied parallels between the Caucasus and Northern Europe. The approximate date of these links is the second part of the first millennium A.D.

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Массовая обработка фольклорно-мифологических текстов позволила уточнить дистрибуцию ряда мотивов, называемых в числе нетривиальных кельто-кавказских параллелей, и дополнить их список двумя новыми специфическими соответствиями. Распространение этих мотивов может быть обусловлено как культурными взаимодействиями второй половины I тыс. до н. э.-первой половины I тыс., происходившими при участии кельто-и ираноязычных групп в Северном Причерноморье, балкано-карпатском ареале и Западной Европе, так отчасти и миграциями эпохи ранней бронзы, в ходе которых на Британские острова проник «степной» генетический компонент. Ключевые слова: фольклор, фольклорно-мифологические мотивы, кельты, народы Кавказа, культурные контакты, миграции. E. N. Duvakin Peter the Great Museum of Anthropology and Ethnography (the Kunstkamera) Folklore parallels between Celtic and Caucasian traditions: the Eurasian context and possible scenarios of the origin The systematic processing of ca. 55,000 folklore and mythological texts from all over the world has allowed to define more precisely the distribution of motifs considered to be non-trivial Celtic-Caucasian parallels, and to expand their list with two peculiar correspondences. On the one hand, the spread of these motifs may be due to cultural interactions between Celtic-and Iranian-speaking tribes that took place during the second half of the 1st millennium BC and the first half of the 1st millennium AD in the North Pontic region, Balkan-Carpathian area and Western Europe. On the other, it can be also connected with migrations of the Early Bronze Age, which caused the appearance of the steppe (Yamnaya) genetic component in the British Isles.