Polyethersulfon (PES) membrane has been widely used in the biomedical field especially in hemodialysis application. Many modifications of membranes have been applied into hemodialysis such as diffusion, adsorption, and mixed-matrix membrane. The main problem of those membranes is less selectivity to attract the uremic toxins. In this study, we report the modification of PES mixed with cellulose acetate (PES/CA) membrane as mixed-matrix membrane (MMM) using imprinted-zeolite (PES/CA/IZC) in order to increase the selectivity for targeted analyte. The hollow fibre membranes (HFM) were fabricated by dry-wet spinning technique. The successful zeolite A synthesised and was characterised by x-ray diffraction (XRD). The mixed-matrix membranes were characterised in terms of morphology using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), water contact angle (WCA), pure water flux (PWF), clearance of creatinine (CC), and BSA adsorption. In accordance with the results of characterisation, the synthesis of zeolite A, and imprinted-zeolite creatinine was successfully fabricated. The SEM results showed that the PES/CA/IZC membrane has uniform pores and fingerlike structure. The same result was obtained for PES/CA membrane, but not for PES/CA/ZA membrane. The WCA of the PES/CA; PES/CA/ZA; and PES/CA/IZC were 85.63; 84.98; and 77.53 (o), respectively. While the PWF were 22.84; 27.57, and 40.52 (Lm-2h-1), respectively. The addition of imprinted-zeolite into the membrane improved creatinine removal up to 74.99%. It showed that PES/CA/IZC has succeeded in increasing the selectivity of membranes to attract the creatinine as target analyte. Compared to the PES/CA, the creatinine clearance of membranes improved and increased up to 5.2%. For protein rejection, the PES/CA/IZC rejected 79.05% of bovine serum albumin (BSA). Based on these results, it can be concluded that PES/CA/IZC can be considered as hemodialysis membranes.

Helicobacter pylori termasuk bakteri patogen oportunistik yang berkolonisasi di lambung dan mampu memicu terjadinya peradangan lokal. Infeksi bakteri ini apabila tidak segera diobati dapat berkembang menjadi penyakit yang lebih serius seperti gastritis atrofi, metaplasia usus, dan noncardia gastric adenocarcinoma. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui aktivitas nanoemulsi minyak lengkuas (Alpinia galanga L. Willd) dalam menghambat pertumbuhan bakteri H. pylori. Nanoemulsi minyak lengkuas dibuat dengan mencampurkan fase air sedikit demi sedikit ke dalam fase minyak dan surfaktan dengan bantuan magnetic stirrer dan ultrasonikator. Karakterisasi nanoemulsi minyak lengkuas dilakukan dengan alat Particle Size Analyzer (PSA) untuk mengetahui ukuran droplet yang terbentuk dan spektrofotometer UV-Vis pada panjang gelombang 630 nm untuk mengetahui persentase transmitan. Uji aktivitas antibakteri nanoemulsi minyak lengkuas terhadap H. pylori dilakukan dengan metode difusi sumuran. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa nanoemulsi minyak lengkuas mampu menghambat pertumbuhan bakteri H. Pylori. Pada konsentrasi yang paling rendah (kadar hambat minimum=KHM) yaitu 1% (ukuran droplet 19,9 nm) memiliki zona penghambatan sebesar 9,5 mm. Nanoemulsi minyak lengkuas dapat digunakan sebagai kandidat pengobatan infeksi lambung yang disebabkan oleh H. pylori.

Microorganism in the air is the element of pollution that is the cause of symptoms of various diseases. Microorganisms can be found in all places and survive in bad environmental conditions. One of the pathogenic bacteria found in the air is Staphylococcus aureus. This study aims to determine the effect of using air fresheners containing lemongrass essential oil on the presence of S. aureus bacteria in the house. The rooms of the house that were taken from the air samples included the kitchen, family room, and living room. The design used in this research is the laboratory experiment by using the air capture method. The independent variables observed included the frequency of spraying air freshener and the results were compared with a disinfectant made of 2% sodium hypochlorite solution. The S. aureus bacteria colonies obtained were in the form of golden yellow bacterial colonies, the surface was convex, purple, and cocci-shaped, which indicated the Gram-positive bacteria group. Based on the results of the study, it could be concluded that the use of air fresheners using the active ingredient of lemongrass oil did not significantly affect the decrease in the number of S. aureus bacteria colonies. However, the use of a disinfectant based on sodium hypochlorite solution as a comparison with the spraying frequency three times had an effect on decreasing the number of S.aureus bacteria colonies with the T-test results of sig value 0.007 (P <0.05).

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<p>Edible coating based on chitosan-virgin coconut oil (VCO) as coating materials on strawberries have been successfully developed. This research aims to prolong the shelf life of strawberries by inhibiting the growth of microorganism. The experimental design used completely randomized design (CRD). Edible coating solution was prepared by mixing chitoson 1,6% b/v and VCO in various concentration namely 1%, 2% and 3%. The immersion process was carried out by inserting strawberries into edible coating solution for 1 min, 2 min and 3 min, respectively. The results showed that edible coating with various of VCO concentrations have good performance to inhibit the growth of microorganism and fungi. The variotion of VCO concentration 2% on the seventh day storage was more effective at inhibiting bacterial growth of 37,5% with the total colony growth of 1,52 × 109 cfu/mL. The optimum immersion time showed that 2 min has optimum inhibition results of 64,9% with the total colony growth of 4,7 × 108 cfu/mL on the second day of storage. Whereas for yeast, the optimum VCO concentration of 1% on the seventh day of storage showed the best inhibition performance for yeast growth of 72% with the total colony growth of 4,9 × 108 cfu/mL. The duration of immersion process showed the greatest inhibition performance of 70,8% on the seventh day with the total colony growth of 5,1 × 108 cfu/mL. Edible coating chitosanVCO successfully inhibited the microorganism growth and maintain the strawbeeries quality until the fifth day of storage.</p>