Fats and oils are an essential part of everyday cooking as well as food products development and their purity are a concern since very early in human history. Adulteration of fats and oils is increased day by day throughout the world, a greater extent. Hence an attempt has been taken to review to identify different suitable rapid detection techniques for ensuring food quality and safety. The study was designed on the basis of extensive literature review for collecting relevant scientific evidence from various sources like Google Scholar, PubMed/Medline database, Science direct database, published journal, newspaper and periodicals. Various techniques have been utilized to assess the purity of edible fats and oils but yet they are costly and time-consuming. This study summarized the rapid detection techniques so that a common person can perform at the level of the household so as to have a broad picture of the status of adulteration in his food in case of doubt. Edible fats and oils are reported to be adulterated with other low-price oils. For example, mustard oil adulterated with argemone oil and butter yellow and ghee adulterated with vanaspati ghee. The leading challenges include the lack of market survey, lack of acceptance in the wholesale and retail market because of suspecting its purity, community health problem and decrease in consumer confidence.

Coronavirus disease 2019 has swept the world with over hundred million of cases and millions of deaths. Upper respiratory tract symptoms including acute pharyngitis are the common symptoms of COVID-19, with a reported incidence of about 5%-17.4%. Group A Streptococcus (GAS) pharyngitis is a common cause of bacterial pharyngitis, with highest incidence between age 5 and 15, and it can still occur in adults with peak incidence at age 40. Herein, we report a case of co-occurrence of GAS and COVID-19 in a middle-aged man who presented with fever, sore throat, cough, and runny nose. To the best of our knowledge, we are the first to report this unique co-occurrence. Our case report aimed to raise the awareness among physician particularly in ambulatory and emergency department of not to have a singular focus on COVID-19 and forget to screen patient with acute pharyngitis for GAS.

Purpose:The purpose of the current study was to explore the dietary diversity of pregnant women of Rajshahi district in Bangladesh. Methodology:A cross-sectional study was conducted among 150 pregnant women who were randomly selected from four different sub-districts of Rajshahi district: Godagari, Rajshahi Sadar, Shardah and Tanor. Dietary diversity was measured by Dietary Diversity Score (DDS). All statistical analysis was conducted using IBM SPSS 20.0. Findings:The mean age of the respondents was 29±3 years. The mean Dietary Diversity Score (DDS) of the respondents was found 5.5±0.88, minimum and maximum DDS were 4 and 7, respectively. The study exposed that majority of the respondents (about 91%) had a medium dietary diversity and about 9% had dietary diversity of high level. Low dietary diversity was not found among the pregnant women of the study area. About all of the respondents had consumed cereals during the previous twenty-four hour of the dietary survey, about 97% had consumed vitamin A rich fruits and vegetables, about 91% had eaten other fruits and vegetables and meat, fish. The percent consumption of milk and milk products among the pregnant women were about 78% and about 35% had consumed legumes, nuts, seeds and dark green leafy vegetables. Organ meat consumption was negligible (only 1%) among the respondents and egg consumption was found to be only 21%.Conclusion: Dietary pattern of pregnant women of Rajshahi district has been found to be diversified enough reflecting probable adequacy of micronutrients.

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has overwhelmed healthcare globally with millions of cases and over 2 million deaths worldwide. The hypercoagulable state associated with COVID-19 is a well-recognized complication that carries a poor prognosis. Marantic endocarditis, or non-bacterial thrombotic endocarditis (NBTE), is caused by a sterile vegetation on the cardiac valves resulting from the deposition of fibrin and platelet aggregates. It is highly associated with the hypercoagulable and acquired inflammatory states. Herein, we report a unique and rare case of COVID-19 presenting with NBTE.

A feeding laboratorial trial in glass aquaria for 12 weeks, to replace graded levels of water hyacinth (WH) meal protein from two (polluted and not polluted) water sources instead of 0, 10, 20, 30 and 40% of soybean meal protein in Nile tilapia diets. Ten experimental diets were formulated to be isocaloric and isonitrogenous (26% crude protein) and offered daily at 2 meals, 6 days a week at 3% of fish biomass daily. Results indicated that rearing water did not influence fish by the tested treatments. Most tested heavy metals had higher levels in WH and diets especially those of polluted source. Iron levels of the WH and experimental diets were > those of Mn > Zn > Cu > Pb > Cd. The highest ether extract (EE) and nitrogen free extract (NFE) and the lowest ash contents were realized in diet contained 30% replacement with WH leaves protein from non-polluted source. Growth performance parameters differed significantly as affected by WH source and level, so the final body weights (FBW) in treatments contained 10, 20 and 30% replacement with WH levels meal protein from the polluted source were significantly lower than those of WH from the non-polluted source. Also, the pollution source for WH led to significantly lower other growth performance parameters than those of the unpolluted source for WH, whether for the bodyweight gain (BWG), survival rate (SR), or specific growth rate (SGR). Increasing level of WH leaves meal protein in the experimental diets led to significantly lower FBW, BWG, SR, SGR and condition factor. The pollution source of WH led to increases in the undeniable parts from the experimental fish (tissues' indices, hepatosomatic and female and male gonado-somatic indices), also more than 30% replacement negatively affected these indices. Contaminated source of WH decreased the feed conversion ratio (FCR) for the very low feed intake as well as for the low fish growth which led to apparent improvements in FCR, protein efficiency ratio (PER) and protein productive value (PPV). Increasing the substitution levels led to increased FCR and PPV but led to lower PER. All blood hematological and biochemical parameters of the tested fish significantly and negative influenced by source and level of WH in the experimental diets, except hemoglobin and total proteins' concentrations. Increasing level of WH leaves meal protein lowered blood total proteins in the fish as a result of lower quality of protein in such diets containing WH. Source and level of WH in the experimental diets significantly affected the chemical analysis of the whole fish body including CP, EE and ash contents. The CP decreased and both of EE and ash were increased by elevating the substation level or for dietary contaminated WH increased by elevating the substation level or for dietary contaminated WH inclusion. The increase in WH level in fish diets reduced the feed intake sharply particularly from the diets contained WH from the polluted source comparing with those contained WH from its non-polluted source. Although the low price of WHinclude...