The assignment of accurate species names is crucial, especially for those with confirmed agronomic potential such as highland papayas. The use of additional methodologies and data sets is recommended to establish well-supported boundaries among species of Vasconcellea. Accordingly, six chloroplast (trnL-trnF, rpl20-rps12, psbA-trnH intergenic spacers, matK and rbcL genes) and nuclear (ITS) markers were used to delimit species in the genus Vasconcellea using phylogeny and four DNA-based methods. Our results demonstrated congruence among different methodologies applied in this integrative study (i.e., morphology, multilocus phylogeny, genetic distance, coalescence methods). Genetic distance (ABGD, SPN), a coalescence method (BPP), and the multilocus phylogeny supported 22–25 different species of Vasconcellea, including the following five new species from northern Peru: V. badilloi sp. nov., V. carvalhoae sp. nov., V. chachapoyensis sp. nov., V. pentalobis sp. nov., and V. peruviensis sp. nov. Genetic markers that gave better resolution for distinguishing species were ITS and trnL-trnF. Phylogenetic diversity and DNA-species delimitation methods could be used to discover taxa within traditionally defined species.

Pineapple is a crop of great importance for the economic stability of a large number of Peruvians; however, in areas experiencing low degrees of technological intervention, farmers generally adopt low planting densities. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of three plantation densities (35700, 47600, and 55500 plants ha−1) on the agronomic performance and fruit quality of three pineapple cultivars (“Golden,” “Smooth Cayenne,” and “Santa Rosa” ecotype). The experiment was performed under a randomized complete block design (RCBD) in a factorial arrangement, and the data were subjected to analysis of variance and the Tukey test ( p < 0.05 ). The results show significant differences in terms of plant height and D-leaf length, with “Golden” being the cultivar that achieved the best performance at the three planting densities. The diameter (11.77–13.29 cm) and weight of the fruit without a crown (1.48–1.85 kg) were not affected by the treatments; in contrast, the length and weight of the fruit with a crown did exhibit significant variations, highlighting the “Smooth Cayenne” cultivar and “Santa Rosa” ecotype at a density of 55500 plants ha−1, respectively. The highest estimated yield (>100 t ha−1) for the three pineapple cultivars was recorded at a density of 55500 plants ha−1. The content of total soluble solids was higher in the “Golden” cultivar, but in general, all the fruits exceeded the established standards. Based on the results, it is recommended that farmers in the area and those with similar conditions establish a planting density of 55500 plants ha−1 because it improves the yield without damaging the quality of the fruit of the pineapple cultivars evaluated.

<p>Se evaluó el rendimiento y contenido nutricional de cuatro variedades de maíz forrajero bajo condiciones agroclimáticas del distrito de Molinopampa, para así seleccionar las variedades que se adaptan al lugar, el cual consistió en establecer 16 parcelas. Se evaluaron cinco variables durante su período de crecimiento, y al finalizar su ciclo vegetativo, se determinó el rendimiento de materia verde y materia seca, y se realizó un análisis bromatológico para determinar el contenido nutricional. Los resultados muestran que la variedad Marginal M28T, presentó el mayor promedio de altura con 250,3 cm; el híbrido PM-213 obtuvo las mejores características en las variables ancho de hoja, diámetro de tallo, longitud de hoja y número de hojas; así mismo, en la variable rendimiento en materia verde y seca en estado ampolla y lechoso, el híbrido PMX-5 presentó los valores más altos, con  157,5 tn/ha, 202,92 tn/ha, 47,7 tn/h, 72,675 tn/ha, respectivamente. En el análisis nutricional, se registró que la mayor cantidad de proteína estuvo contenida en el híbrido PM-213, que fue de 8,4657%. La mayor cantidad de fibra la obtuvo la variedad 213-chuska, y la mayor cantidad de fibra detergente ácida, neutra y energía bruta se obtuvo del híbrido PM-213, con 42,4%, 53,46% y 4366,4 kcal/hg, respectivamente. </p>

Lilies are one of the most important, beautiful, and economically valuable flowers in the world. Lilium is regarded as a popular floral trade cut flower, so viable protocols are needed to provide seed production, multiplication, and preservation. In vitro protocols allow for rapid large-scale production and rejuvenation of planting material, but to be a commercially viable multiplication method, the procedure must allow for rapid production of viable, true-to-type plants quickly. The objective was to evaluate the in vitro production of microbulbs of five lily varieties (Lilium “Champion Diamond,” Lilium “Yellow Diamond,” Lilium “Batavus,” Lilium “Hyde Park,” and Lilium sp.) using different concentrations of 6-benzylaminopurine (0, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 1.5, and 2.0 mg L−1 BAP) and to determine the commercial quality (flowering) of the plants grown from the seed obtained. Results from the micropropagation phase show Lilium “Batavus” and Lilium “Hyde Park” varieties had better in vitro responses, especially when grown with 1.0 and 1.5 mg L−1 BAP, respectively. Plants (of all varieties) grown from microbulbs showed positive growth and generally resulted in commercially viable flower production. Finally, the results of this study support the use of bulb scales as an alternative for obtaining vegetative seeds with high potential for lily cultivation.

<p>El presente trabajo tuvo como objetivo evaluar la respuesta productiva del repollo corazón de buey (<em>Brassica oleracea </em>L.) a la aplicación de diferentes dosis foliares y enmiendas orgánicas. Para ello se instaló un experimento con 12 tratamientos en los cuales se combinaron dos tipos de enmiendas orgánicas (guano de isla y humus de lombriz), y tres dosis de fertilizante foliar de fórmula 20-20-20. Se evaluaron las variables altura de planta (cm), peso del corazón (gr), diámetro de copa (cm), diámetro de corazón (cm) y peso de la planta (g) en 10 plantas por unidad experimental tres meses después de establecer el experimento, obteniéndose como resultado que  el tratamiento compuesto por guano de isla en una dosis de 7 Tn/Ha más tres aplicaciones de abono foliar en una dosis de 2 Lt/200 Lt de agua, fue superior a los demás tratamientos en las variables peso del corazón, diámetro del corazón y peso total de la planta con 1091,6 g, 45,9 cm y 1868,6 g respectivamente, lográndose incrementar hasta en un 57,2% en rendimiento. Por esta razón, la adición de abonos foliares a los planes de fertilización, mejoran los rendimientos del cultivo, sin embargo hay que tener en cuenta que su incorporación genera mayores gastos e incrementa los costos de producción.</p>