This research grew out of the work of Nfuka & Rusu (2010), who identified eleven critical success factors (CSFs) that need to be considered for effective information technology (IT) governance in the public sector. It is motivated by the limited literature on CSFs for effective IT governance, especially from the point of view of a developing country. Our objective is to advance our understanding on CSFs for effective IT governance in the Albanian public sector. Adopting a holistic approach, we propose a new construct of analysis for CSFs. This construct blends in two components. The first is IT governance as an ongoing process and encompasses IT Governance Institute (ITGI) defined focus areas (ITGI 2003). The second is related to business‐IT alignment and consists of three dimensions: human, social, and intellectual (Schlosser et al. 2012). Using case study research method, we gather data from five government organizations. Our results supports those of Nfuka & Rusu (2010). From the Albanian public sector perspective, they indicate a greater emphasis on CFSs related to resource management focus area and human dimension. Limitations on IT resources, knowledge and culture (Nfuka & Rusu 2010) and insufficient IT resource management (Yahya 1993) provide the explanation for such results. In addition, IT departments are viewed as service providers. This perception further motivates the emphasis on resource management.

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Processing data is one of the main concerns of almost every field of study which deals with information. But today with the growing data and information a new delicate problem arises: "processing" knowledge. One way to start solving it is by categorizing knowledge; then trying to manage these knowledge categories according to the interest of the field of study; and finally implementing them into a problem-solving platform such as a software program, a web page or merely in a new algorithm. Ontologies come in handy in one of the key links of this chain: knowledge management. In this paper we show the how to use ontologies for data and knowledge management and how they can be applied in formalizing economic concepts. We did this classification according to Menger"s ideas.

Nowadays e-Learning has been identified to be the future of learning worldwide since the very powerful platform of the Internet has accelerated the speed of communication.Adoption of e-learning has become the latest trend across universities all over the world. Albania is part of a global shift from material resources to knowledge and intellectual resources as the basis for economic growth. Educators across Albania are aware that students must have an education that enables the students to participate successfully in and contribute to the knowledge economy. E-Learning readiness is an initial part of e-Learning development. In order to benefit from e-learning, higher education institutions in Albania should conduct considerable up-front analysis to assess their readiness. In this paper we are trying to examine the status of e-Learning readiness in Albania, analyzing and discussing several components and criteria based on literature. 5* MBA, Ma the ma tics, Sta ti stics and Ap plied In for ma tics De part ment, Fa cul ty of Eco no my, Ti ra na Uni ver si ty, Al ba nia.** Prof. dr, Ma the ma tics, Sta ti stics and Ap plied In for ma tics De part ment, Fa cul ty of Eco no my, Ti rana Uni ver si ty, Al ba nia. facilitated e-learning environments (Khan, 2005). E-learning represents an innovative shift in the field of learning, providing rapid access to specific knowledge and information, and offers online instruction that can be delivered anytime and anywhere through a wide range of electronic learning solutions such as a web-based courseware and online discussion groups. It can be viewed as making learning materials such as presentation slides available on the web. Nowadays e-learning has become an accepted educational paradigm across universities worldwide (OECD, 2005).There are many definitions given to e-learning. E-Learning refers to the use of Information and Communications Technology (ICT) to enhance and/or support learning in tertiary education. But this covers a wide range of systems, from students using e-mail and accessing course work online while following a course on campus, to programs offered entirely online. This implies that e-Learning refers to both wholly online provision and campus-based or other distance-based provision supplemented with ICT in some way. The supplementary model would encompass activities ranging from the most basic use of ICT (e.g. use of PCs for word processing of assignments) through to more advanced adoption (e.g. specialist disciplinary software, handheld devices, learning management systems, adaptive hypermedia, artificial intelligence devices, simulations, etc.), with a presiding interest in more advanced applications.E-Learning has been identified to be the future of learning worldwide since the very powerful platform of the Internet has accelerated the speed of communication. E-Learning offers remarkable advantages to the economy (Strother, 2002) when gathering large groups of students. Based on meta-analysis research, academic achievement of online students equalized tradi...

Nowadays real time communication is defining and conditioning our everyday life. Increased communication constitutes an added value to economic and social development of the country, but, at the same time, it exposes it to the risk of cyber nature with state and non-state actors. This is the reason why information security has become an important and crucial issue. In this paper we examine Information Security practices among IT departments in public institutions in Albania, using a survey and interviews conducted with IT staff.