Introduction: Duane retraction syndrome is a congenital complex strabismus. It was first described in 1887. It is characterized mainly by limitation of ocular movement, with globe retraction. It may be associated with over shooting of the eye. DRS is one of congenital cranial dysinnervation disorders (CCDD), which are congenital, nonprogressive, sporadic, or familial developmental anomalies of the cranial nerves characterized by abnormal eye, eyelid, and/or facial movements. Aim of the work: to study the surgical outcomes of Duane retraction sundrome (DRS) in Sohag University Hospital. Patients and Methods: A prospective non-randomized interventional clinical study done in Sohag University Hospital. Results: 35 patients had DRS out of 960 strabismus patients, only twenty patients were indicated for surgery. Marked improvement of primary ocular deviation, globe retraction and overshooting was noticed.

Purpose: To assess the corneal topographic changes pre and post excision of primary pterygium and to assess the collaboration between the size of the pterygium and these changes which obtained by Pentacam. Patients and Methods: This study is prospective, non-randomized, and interventional. It involved 38 eyes of 38 individuals with primary nasal pterygium. The cases were classified into two groups in terms of the size of the pterygium. All patients were managed by surgical excision of pterygium with a bare sclera approach and intraoperative MMC application. Follow-up was done after one, three, and six months postoperatively. The following measurements were obtained using Pentacam: K1, K2, astigmatism, axis, anterior elevation map, and apical corneal thickness. Additionally, we studied the changes in UCVA, BCVA, refractive sphere, and cylinder. Results: The mean age of all cases was 56.16±5.1 years (48-64 years). The mean astigmatism decreased significantly from -4.6±3.1 preoperatively to -1.32±0.7 postoperatively. Large sized pterygium group has significant higher astigmatic values preoperatively and postoperatively. The mean K1 increased significantly (p<0.05) postoperatively, while there was no marked variation in mean K2 during 3 and 6 months postoperatively ( p>0.05). There was an obvious decrease in mean values of the anterior elevation map, apical corneal thickness, refractive sphere, and cylinder postoperatively. Both UCVA and BCVA improved significantly postoperatively. Conclusion: pterygium leads to significant topographic and refractive changes that rise with the elevation in the pterygia size and enhance after pterygium surgery.

The purpose: This paper aimed to analyze the keratometric, topometric and pachymetric features of keratoconic suspect and clinical keratoconic eyes from normal thin ones using a Scheimpflug imaging camera. Patient and methods: The study was retrospective and cross-sectional and examined the eyes of candidates seeking refractive surgery at Sohag ophthalmologic Centre. The study included 26 normal subjects with 31 eyes with thin corneas (<480 µm), 14 subjects with 18 eyes diagnosed as keratoconus suspects, and 18 patients with 39 eyes keratoconus (stage 1 and 2). The approval of the ethical committee of Sohag University Hospital was acquired. Results: showed that a possible indicator to distinguish between thin corneas and keratoconus grade 1 & 2 was provided by information on the corneal height, particularly in the case of applying the enhanced ectasia presentation. Parameters from BAD display (e.g., anterior, posterior elevation differences and final D), topographic parameters (such as Q value, KI, K2, Kmean, Kmax and cylinder), topometric parameters (such as KI, IHD, IVA, IHA, CKI, and ISV values), and pachymetric parameters (such as average PPI and ARTmax) helped discriminate the keratoconus cases with the highest prediction accuracy. Conclusions: This study shows that these eyes may be discriminated efficiently using different tomographic (BAD, pachymetry, and elevation) parameters and topometric indices from Pentacam Scheimpflug tomography. It addresses non-keratoconic thin corneas and keratoconus subclinical or mildly evolved. CT at apex, thinnest CT, IVA, IHD and PE differences tended to be the most appropriate for distinguishing subclinical keratoconic eyes and normal thin corneas.