The current work aims to identifying the geomorphological, characteristics and classification of soils in some areas in Ismailia governorate, Egypt. The study area is located between longitudes 32º 06′ 45" and 32º 22′ 30" E and latitudes 30º 22' 30" and 30º 57' 00" N. The integration of Remote Sensing (RS) and Geographic Information System (GIS) techniques was used to achieve this work. The geomorphic map produced by processing and identifying the Landsat 8 image indicated that, the studied area has six main geomorphic units with different landforms. These units are: 1) Depressions, 2) Terraces (including Low, and High Terraces), 3) Basins (over flow basins and Decantation basins), 4) peneplains (Low and High), 5) Sandy plains (High, Moderate and Low) and 6) Mountain (Foot slope and Crest). Twenty soil profiles were selected representing these units. The land and site features are observed and registered. The soil profiles were dug, morphologically described, and then samples were collected representing the subsequent layers in each profile for integrated physical and chemical analyses. The studied area has almost flat with deep to very deep and well drained soils. Most of the studied soils have loamy sand texture and some parts have clay loam texture. The analytical data revealed that, the studied soils are slightly alkaline, mostly non-saline and haven't sodicity effect. The soils are moderately calcareous having Low gypsum and organic matter contents.All studies soils haven't any diagnostic horizons, therefore they affiliated to Entisols and classified as Typic Torripsaments for 89.4% and as Typic Torriorthents for 10.6% from the studied area.

The current work was performed in 2018 aiming to study the geomorphological and pedological characteristics as well as classification and capability evaluation for soils of Menouf province area, Menoufia governorate, Egypt. The integration of Remote Sensing (RS) and Geographic Information System (GIS) techniques was used to achieve this work. The geomorphic map produced by processing and identifying the Landsat image using RS and GIS technology indicated that, the main landscape unit in the studied area is Alluvial Plain includes nine landforms namely: high terraces (19.4% of the studied area), medium terraces (15.3%), low terraces (24.6%), over flow basin (25.6 %), decantation basin (7.9%) in addition to meandering belt, depression, levee, and island (with small areas). Twenty-four soil profiles were chosen to represent the different landforms. The land and site features are observed and registered. The soil profiles were dug, morphologically described, and then samples were collected representing the subsequent layers in each profile for integrated physical and chemical analyses. The studied area has almost flat topography with deep soil profiles and freely well drained. These soils have loam to sandy clay loam texture with moderate medium sub angular to angular blocky structure. The analytical data revealed that, the studied soils are moderately alkaline, non-saline and haven't sodicity effect. The soils are slightly calcareous having very slight gypsum content. Organic matter (OM) is low and decreases with depth. The cation exchange capacity (CEC) is correlated to the fine fractions and OM contents in these soils.The studied soil profiles haven't any diagnostic horizons, therefore they were classified up to sub great group level under Entisols order mainly as Typic Torriorthents.The land capability evaluation indicated that, about 48% of the studied soils have a Good capability class (C2) and the rest (52%) are considered as a Fair (C3) one.

The current work aims to study the geomorphological and pedological characteristics as well as classification for soils in the area located at south west of El-Sadat City. The integration of Remote Sensing (RS) and Geographic Information System (GIS) techniques was used to perform this work. This work could be presented important information about the potentiality of these soils for proper plans of reclamation, improvement and management.The geomorphic map produced using RS and GIS technology indicated that, there are three identified and interpreted geomorphic units in this area. These units are Low Terraces, Moderate Terraces and High Terraces.Fourteen soil profiles were selected representing these geomorphic units. The land and site features are observed and registered. Profiles were morphologically described, and then samples were collected representing the subsequent layers in each profile for integrated physical and chemical analyses. The elevation of the studied profiles varied between 14 and 52 m. that increased from the Low Terraces to the High ones. The soils have almost flat to gently undulating topography with gentle sloping. All studied soils are deep and characterized as freely well drained. These soils have almost slightly to gravelly loamy sand texture with rapid hydraulic conductivity. The soils have mainly weak granular to subangular structure and some layers have single grains. The most of studied soils are virgin without or with scanty vegetation. The morphological rating scale (relative distinctness of horizons "RHD" and relative profile development "RPD") indicates a slight distinctness between horizons which mainly attributed to the depositional pattern and /or regimes of soil materials more than development.The analytical data of the studied soils revealed that, the soil reaction is slightly alkaline. All the studied soils are non-saline and not sodic. The soils differ from slightly to strongly calcareous according their CaCO3 content. Organic matter (OM) and gypsum were low. The cation exchange capacity (CEC) was also low due to the low content of fine fractions and OM in these soils.The studied soils haven't any diagnostic horizons, therefore they were classified up to sub great group level under Entisols order mainly as Typic Torripsaments.

The current investigation aims to identifying the geomorphological characteristics of the area east of desert part of Menoufia governorate west of Rashid Nile branch. Change detection of land use/land cover (LULC) classes between the years 2001 and 2020 are also carried out. The integration of Remote Sensing (RS) and Geographic Information System (GIS) techniques were used to perform this work. The studied area is located between latitudes 30° 5' to 30° 32' N and longitudes 30° 30' to 31° 00' E and covers about 1354 km 2 or 322474 feddans. The interpretation of satellite image of the study area indicated that, there are three main identified geomorphic units including seven subunits in this area. These units are 1) Depressions: cover an area of 271 km 2 or 64530 feds (about 20.0% of the total studied area(, 2) Sand Sheets: have 1022 km 2 or 243354 feds (75.3 %), including Low-(40.0 %), Moderate-(24.8 %) and High-Terraces (10.5 %), and 3) Old Deltaic Revere Terraces: have 143 km 2 or 34005 feds (10.5 %), including Low-(2.4 %), Moderate-(1.4 %) and High-Terraces (0.9 %). Binary encoding method was carried out based on classifying the Satellite images using decision tree classifier and statistical relative change detection to identify the relative change detection in (LULC) classes of agricultural land and barren area between 2001 and 2020 from the different Landsat images. The overall changes in LULC classes during this period indicated that, there is an increase in the cultivated area with 12.6% from the total studied area (170.2 km 2 or 40535.6 fed) and shrunk in the baren land with 13.4% (181.2 km 2 or 43155.4 fed).

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