The current work aims to identifying the geomorphological, characteristics and classification of soils in some areas in Ismailia governorate, Egypt. The study area is located between longitudes 32º 06′ 45" and 32º 22′ 30" E and latitudes 30º 22' 30" and 30º 57' 00" N. The integration of Remote Sensing (RS) and Geographic Information System (GIS) techniques was used to achieve this work. The geomorphic map produced by processing and identifying the Landsat 8 image indicated that, the studied area has six main geomorphic units with different landforms. These units are: 1) Depressions, 2) Terraces (including Low, and High Terraces), 3) Basins (over flow basins and Decantation basins), 4) peneplains (Low and High), 5) Sandy plains (High, Moderate and Low) and 6) Mountain (Foot slope and Crest). Twenty soil profiles were selected representing these units. The land and site features are observed and registered. The soil profiles were dug, morphologically described, and then samples were collected representing the subsequent layers in each profile for integrated physical and chemical analyses. The studied area has almost flat with deep to very deep and well drained soils. Most of the studied soils have loamy sand texture and some parts have clay loam texture. The analytical data revealed that, the studied soils are slightly alkaline, mostly non-saline and haven't sodicity effect. The soils are moderately calcareous having Low gypsum and organic matter contents.All studies soils haven't any diagnostic horizons, therefore they affiliated to Entisols and classified as Typic Torripsaments for 89.4% and as Typic Torriorthents for 10.6% from the studied area.

The current investigation aims to identifying the geomorphological characteristics of the area east of desert part of Menoufia governorate west of Rashid Nile branch. Change detection of land use/land cover (LULC) classes between the years 2001 and 2020 are also carried out. The integration of Remote Sensing (RS) and Geographic Information System (GIS) techniques were used to perform this work. The studied area is located between latitudes 30° 5' to 30° 32' N and longitudes 30° 30' to 31° 00' E and covers about 1354 km 2 or 322474 feddans. The interpretation of satellite image of the study area indicated that, there are three main identified geomorphic units including seven subunits in this area. These units are 1) Depressions: cover an area of 271 km 2 or 64530 feds (about 20.0% of the total studied area(, 2) Sand Sheets: have 1022 km 2 or 243354 feds (75.3 %), including Low-(40.0 %), Moderate-(24.8 %) and High-Terraces (10.5 %), and 3) Old Deltaic Revere Terraces: have 143 km 2 or 34005 feds (10.5 %), including Low-(2.4 %), Moderate-(1.4 %) and High-Terraces (0.9 %). Binary encoding method was carried out based on classifying the Satellite images using decision tree classifier and statistical relative change detection to identify the relative change detection in (LULC) classes of agricultural land and barren area between 2001 and 2020 from the different Landsat images. The overall changes in LULC classes during this period indicated that, there is an increase in the cultivated area with 12.6% from the total studied area (170.2 km 2 or 40535.6 fed) and shrunk in the baren land with 13.4% (181.2 km 2 or 43155.4 fed).

The current work was conducted in 2018/2019 aiming to get a recent information's about the geomorphological and pedological characteristics of soils in Menouf province area, Menoufia governorate, Egypt. Also, monitoring and assessing were conducted for all types and rates of land degradation as well as the changes in land use/land cover, soil fertility and land capability evaluation between the years of 1967 and 2018 using Remote Sensing, GIS technologies and detailed field surveys

The current work aims to study the geomorphological and pedological characteristics as well as classification for soils in the area located at south west of El-Sadat City. The integration of Remote Sensing (RS) and Geographic Information System (GIS) techniques was used to perform this work. This work could be presented important information about the potentiality of these soils for proper plans of reclamation, improvement and management.The geomorphic map produced using RS and GIS technology indicated that, there are three identified and interpreted geomorphic units in this area. These units are Low Terraces, Moderate Terraces and High Terraces.Fourteen soil profiles were selected representing these geomorphic units. The land and site features are observed and registered. Profiles were morphologically described, and then samples were collected representing the subsequent layers in each profile for integrated physical and chemical analyses. The elevation of the studied profiles varied between 14 and 52 m. that increased from the Low Terraces to the High ones. The soils have almost flat to gently undulating topography with gentle sloping. All studied soils are deep and characterized as freely well drained. These soils have almost slightly to gravelly loamy sand texture with rapid hydraulic conductivity. The soils have mainly weak granular to subangular structure and some layers have single grains. The most of studied soils are virgin without or with scanty vegetation. The morphological rating scale (relative distinctness of horizons "RHD" and relative profile development "RPD") indicates a slight distinctness between horizons which mainly attributed to the depositional pattern and /or regimes of soil materials more than development.The analytical data of the studied soils revealed that, the soil reaction is slightly alkaline. All the studied soils are non-saline and not sodic. The soils differ from slightly to strongly calcareous according their CaCO3 content. Organic matter (OM) and gypsum were low. The cation exchange capacity (CEC) was also low due to the low content of fine fractions and OM in these soils.The studied soils haven't any diagnostic horizons, therefore they were classified up to sub great group level under Entisols order mainly as Typic Torripsaments.

The current work aims to study the geomorphological and pedological characteristics including classification and land capability evaluation of soils in the area located at the northeastern part of El Sadat City, Menoufia governorate, Egypt. Soil water characteristic curve, validating Van Genuchten (VG) model in simulating SWCC, developing regression equations to predict the expected soil salinity over time and land use/land cover change detection within 20 years are also carried out. The integration of Remote Sensing (RS) and Geographic Information System (GIS) techniques was used to perform this work. The produced geomorphic map indicated that, there are three main identified geomorphic units namely Alluvial Plain, Pedi Plain and Aeolian Plain including eight landforms in this area. Nineteen soil profiles were selected representing these landforms. The land and site features are registered. Soil profiles were dug and morphologically described, and then disturbed and undisturbed samples were collected from the subsequent layers for integrated physical and chemical analyses. Also, irrigation water samples were collected and analyzed especially for land capability evaluation. The studied soils have almost flat to gently undulating topography. The elevation varies between 10 and 95 m above sea level. The soils are deep and well drained. These soils have mostly gravely sandy loam with rapid hydraulic conductivity and weak to moderate sub angular to granular structure and some layers have single grains. The analytical data revealed that, these soils have mostly slightly alkaline reaction. Most of them are non-saline and not sodic. Few soils have moderate alkaline reaction with sodicity effect. The soils are slightly to moderately calcareous having low organic matter and gypsum. Most of the studied soils were classified under Entisols order and the others that having sodic horizon are classified under Aridisols. Land capability evaluation indicated that, most of the studied soils (about 92%) are classified under fair class (C3). Soil water characteristic curves for the studied soils were produced and regression equations were developed to predict the expected soil salinity over the time. The overall changes in Land use/Land cover classes during 20 year indicated that, there is an increase in the agricultural area and built-up land at the expense of the barren land.