No abstract

A conclusive study was conducted for preparation and evaluation of combined inactivated entero-4 vaccine containing bovine rotavirus (BRV), bovine coronavirus (BCV), E. coli K 99 and toxoid of C. perfringens type "C".Laboratory and field evaluations were conducted on laboratory animals, calves and late pregnant cows with monitoring the active and passive antibodies in vaccinated cows and their offspring respectively. Laboratory evaluation proved purity, safety and high efficacy of the vaccine without interference between different vaccine ingredients. Field evaluation gave satisfactory results when pregnant cows vaccinated at late stage of pregnancy with high neutralizing antibody titers against BRV, BCV and C. perfringens as well as high E. coli agglutinating titers. Maternal immunity passively protected offspring during the critical period of age and remained protected till the end of sampling time (30 th day post parturition).

Lumpy Skin Disease (LSD) is a vector born disease of cattle, caused by Lumpy Skin Disease Virus (LSDV), there is antigenic relationship between LSDV, Sheeppox virus (SPPV) and Goat pox virus GTPV within a genus Capripoxvirus, accordingly it can be used homologous or heterologous Capripoxvirus strains for vaccination of cattle against LSD. This study compare the efficacy of live attenuated Neethling LSDV vaccine and live attenuated Romanian SSPV Vaccine against recent circulating LSDV field isolate. The evaluation was done in calves as the main host of LSD, through using three different batches for each vaccine type. Experimental calf groups were vaccinated with vaccines batches, and after 21 days serum samples were collected for evaluation of humoral immune response by using SNT and commercial ELISA technique, then the vaccinated calves were challenged by virulent LSDV field isolate. The results of SNT for vaccinated calves by LSDV vaccines indicated mean neutralizing antibody titer 1.2, 1.6 and1.5 log10 for the batches 1, 2 and 3 respectively, while vaccinated calves by SPPV vaccines indicated 1.05, 1.05 and 1.5 log10 for the batches 1,2 and 3 respectively; the ELISA mean sample to positive (S/P) percentage for the vaccine batches 1, 2 and 3 of LSDV were 40, 45 and 42% respectively and for SPPV vaccine batches 1,2 and 3 were 35, 37 and 40 % respectively, the challenge test indicated mean difference titer for the groups of calves vaccinated with LSDV vaccine were 4.2, 4.5 and 3.8 log10 and for groups vaccinated with SPPV vaccine were 2.6, 2 and 2.65 log10 respectively, it was concluded that potential using of Neethling LSDV vaccine against LSD is superior for combating and prevention of the lumpy skin disease.

In this study, skin lesions from buffaloes showing clinical signs of buffalopox infection were tested to isolate and identify the buffalopox virus (BPXV). Clinical examination of infected buffaloes was performed and visible clinical signs recorded. Skin scabs from infected buffaloes were collected and used for virus isolation on embryonated chicken egg (ECE) and tissue culture cell lines. The isolated BPXV was identified and characterized using polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The infected buffaloes displayed fever, skin eruptions, enlargement of superficial lymph nodes, emaciation and drop in milk yield. The ECE inoculated with the prepared skin scab samples showed clear raised white pock lesions on the chorioallantoic membrane (CAM). The inoculated tissue cultures (VERO and BHK cell lines) revealed a cytopathic effect (CPE) including rounding, clumping with cytoplasmic granulation and cluster formation. PCR for the C18L specific BPXV gene was carried out on the virus infected tissue culture produced 368 bp bands. Human infection with BPXV was also recorded. It was concluded that BPXV is circulating in Egyptian buffaloes, causing economical losses and infection in contact humans.