This paper analyses some data on the eating habits and weight variations in the student population of the University of Geneva, Switzerland. Of the 11,800 questionnaires sent out, 4200 were returned within 2 months. Among those students who responded, 52.1% of the women and 37.4% of the men desire a weight change. For 80.9% of the respondents, a weight loss is desirable. At least one method of weight control is used by 9.8% of the men and by 22.9% of the women. Previous use of methods of weight control were indicated by 16.7% of the men and 49.2% of the women. The prevalence of bulimia can be estimated at 4% among women and 0.7% among men.
RésuméDe nombreuses études récentes montrent que la boulimie est une perturbation fréquente des conduites alimentaires de l’adulte dont la prévalence dans la population féminine avoisinerait 10 %. Il reste cependant difficile d’être plus précis, car les critères diagnostiques, les instruments d’évaluation et les populations varient beaucoup entre eux.A titre d’exemple, la définition du DSM III ne retient pas la présence des vomissements comme critére obligatoire, contrairement à d’autres.Les auteurs présentent également les premiers résultats d’une enquête effectuée auprès de l’ensemble des étudiants de l’Université de Genève. A partir de 4200 des 12000 questionnaires qui ont été retournés, la representativité selon le sexe et l’âge a été obtenue en sélectionnant un groupe de 3102 questionnaires valides, soit 25.7 % du total. Au moment de l’étude, 20.5 % des femmes et 8.6 % des hommes utilisaient l’un des moyens de contrôle du poids, régime inclus, et 2.6 % des femmes et 0.5 % des hommes recouraient aux vomissements. Concernant la boulimie, si ce travail ne permet pas de conclusions définitives, il permet néanmoins d’approcher un groupe à risque boulimique avoisinant 4 à 6 % des femmes et 0.5 à 0.8 % des hommes. Ces résultats ainsi que les ratios F/H et les âges de début sont superposables aux valeurs des études de référence. Les rapports que la boulimie entretient avec la dépression, les conduites toxicomaniaques ou d’alcoolisation, voire les troubles paniques, phobiques et obsessifs-compulsifs devraient être mieux étudiés afin d’éviter les erreurs de diagnostic. La recherche d’un poids idéal est une caractéristique de ce syndrome. Un traitement visant à modifier la représentation de ce paramétre constituerait un des éléments utiles d’une thérapie cognitive et informative.
mild depressive disorders, also be associated with continuation of smoking in some smokers in the community? Aims: I. Whether psychiatric morbidity 12 months ago is associated with increased smoking 2. Whether worsening psychiatric morbidity during a 12 month period is associated with increased smoking. Method: the design was a prospective panel cohort study of a community sample aged 16-75 years. A secondary analysis of the British Household Panel Data which has five annual waves of data with 45 341 records on 12057 individuals. Repeated observations on number of cigarettes smoked and psychiatric morbidity, as measured by the 12-General Health Questionnaire (cut off score = 3), were used to measure changes in smoking and psychiatric status. The associations between increased smoking from the previous year (by 5 or more cigarettes/day) with 8 history of psychiatric morbidity 12 months ago and with worsening psychiatric morbidity were tested using classical, regression and clustering methods. Confounding by age, sex, socioeconomic status, educational level, mantal status and health problems were accounted for. Results: Increased smoking was weakly associated with previous psychiatric morbidity (adjusted OR 1.12, 95% CI 1.00 to 1.25, p = 0.046). Current psychiatric morbidity had a stronger association with increased smoking (adjusted OR 1.34, 95% CI 1.20 to 1.50, p < 0.0001). Worsening psychiatric morbidity over one year was associated with increased smoking (adjusted OR 1.25, 95% CI 1.09 to 1.42, p = 0.001). Conclusions: Psychiatric morbidity, particularly current, makes a small contribution to increased smoking in the general population. Repeated observations on the same individual is a useful epidemiological approach to understanding the mechanisms between smoking and psychiatric morbidity.
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