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Between 1979 and 1985, 10 patients were treated for renal carcinoma with extension into the inferior vena cava but without evidence of disseminated disease. Two of these had tumour thrombus extension up to the level of the hepatic veins and in four the extension was above the level of the diaphragm, two of which entered the atrium. Thrombus was removed en bloc at radical nephrectomy. Six patients are still alive, with a mean survival of 22 months. There was no correlation between the level of tumour thrombus and perinephric extension or indeed any correlation between tumour thrombus level and overall survival. It is suggested that tumour thrombus in the inferior vena cava, in the absence of metastatic disease, should be managed by radical surgery.

The use of intraoperative ultrasound facilitates minimally invasive parathyroidectomy and may obviate the need for intraoperative 99mTc sestamibi scanning.