Biogenic amines (BAs) can be naturally present in several foods. They are mainly produced in large amounts by amino acid decarboxylases activity of bacteria. The BAs content has been associated to the quality of raw material and to fermentation or spoilage processes. The aim of the present study was to asses the content of BAs (single and total value) in the core and in the external part of a Tuscan traditional pecorino cheese. Sixteen “Pecorino del Parco di Migliarino-San Rossore” cheeses belonging to same batch were tested during ripening time, up to 5 months. BAs content was analyzed by an HPLC-UV method. The BAs content was significantly higher in the core than in the external part. Tyramine was the amine most frequently detected and largely quantized, followed by putrescine, histamine and cadaverine
Authors show the results about the effectiveness verification of prevention measures adopted in raw milk directly selling at “E. Avanzi” Centre of Pisa University. The good hygienic practices applied during production, storage and selling phases demonstrated to guarantee, in raw milk, conditions complying to hygienic criteria provided for the current regulation in Tuscany. The effectiveness verification about risk communication, carried out interviewing a sample of buyers, shows as, beside a predominant attitude towards attention to potential hygienic risks, overstay areas of reduced awareness about food risk and the ways to manage prevention. Authors hope for, in this context, such as in other similar productions, the approach yet launched towards continuous improvement of good hygienic practices adopted by businesses, could be extended to risk communication, with the aim to promote conscious and responsable choices of consumer
SUMMARYIn this study the results of surveillance activity on döner kebab retailed on the Lucca area are reported. Ten kebab shops were inspected by health officers and food samples, including raw kebab, cooked kebab and sandwiches with kebab, were submitted for microbiological examinations. During surveillance activity some hygiene problems and difficult application of control plan were found. The microbiological analyses showed that döner kebab retailed in Lucca area had acceptable hygienic quality, but further inspections are necessary to improve the hygienic conditions of kebab shops. Key wordsDöner kebab, surveillance, microbiological characteristics INTRODUZIONEI kebab sono dei piatti di carne originari della pianura anatolica, ottenuti da carne marinata o stufata. Kebab significa letteralmente carne alla griglia e la ricetta originaria non prevedeva la preparazione di un panino con salse, ma l'uso di sottili fette di carne magra salata, saltata e dorata su una piastra rovente, utilizzando come condimento il grasso sciolto dell'animale. Per arrivare alla versione turcoottomana di quello che oggi comunemente chiamiamo döner kebab, ovvero "arrosto rotante" (il termine döner in turco significa appunto "rotante"), bisognerà attendere molti secoli. Se inizialmente la cottura di grossi pezzi di carne alla griglia avveniva ancora utilizzando lunghi spiedi metallici posti a cuocere orizzontalmente sulle braci ardenti, nel XIX secolo, nella città turca di Bursa, venne modificata la tecnica di cottura del kebab, invertendo in senso verticale l'asse di rotazione; fu una vera rivoluzione, poiché in questo modo tutti i liquidi che fuoriescono dalle carni arrostite non vengono dispersi nella brace, ma sono raccolti ai piedi dello spiedone, in un vassoio sgocciolatore, e poi utilizzati per insaporire i ritagli di carne già dorata o per mantenere morbido lo spiedo durante la cottura. Nei paesi arabi si trovano moltissime varianti della ricetta originaria e nelle zone costiere si preparano anche kebab a base di pesce, soprattutto di tonno. Comunque la carne ovina (montone, agnello) è quella più frequentemente utilizzata, anche se vengono spesso adoperate le carni di manzo, pollo e tacchino. Alla fine degli anni Sessanta alcuni turchi, emigrati per lavoro in Germania, modificarono la ricetta originaria, adattandola al diverso gusto del consumatore tedesco e mettendo a punto il cosiddetto döner kebab, ossia carne arrostita destinata ad essere consumata con pane arabo e con l'aggiunta di molti altri
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