Inheritance studies were conducted to determine the genetic basis of adult-plant resistance in pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) to Phytophthora capsici . F1, backcrosses and F2 populations were developed using the resistant parent Criollo de Morellos 334 and susceptible parents Agronomico 10-G and Yolo Wonder . Pepper plants, at 36 days post-emergence, were inoculated near the base of the stem with an inoculum suspension of 5 X 104 zoospores/ml . Segregation ratios in the F2 generation of 13 resistant to 3 susceptible plants fit a 2-gene model for resistance with dominant and recessive epistasis .
ABSTRACT. In order to support further genetic, diversity, and phylogeny studies of Capsicum species, the transferability of a Capsicum annuum L. simple sequence repeat (SSR) microsatellite set was analyzed for C. frutescens L. ("malagueta" and "tabasco" peppers) and C. chinense Jacq. (smell peppers, among other types). A total of 185 SSR primers were evaluated in 12 accessions from 115 C. frutescens L. and 480 C. chinense Jacq, representing different types within each species. Transferability to C. frutescens L. and C. chinense Jacq. occurred for 116 primers (62.7%). Nineteen (16.37%) were polymorphic in C. frutescens L. and 36 (31.03%) in C. chinense Jacq., 17 of which were coincident and could be used to analyze samples obtained for the 2 species.Among these primers, CA49 showed a different amplitude range of alleles between the 2 species (130-132 base pairs for C. frutescens L. and S.I.C. Carvalho et al. 7938©FUNPEC-RP www.funpecrp.com.br Genetics and Molecular Research 14 (3): 7937-7946 (2015) 120-128 base pairs for C. chinense Jacq.), and could differentiate the species. A total of 55 alleles were identified among the 19 polymorphic SSR loci among accessions of C. frutescens L., with the number of alleles per locus ranging from 2 to 5, a mean of 2.89, and the polymorphic information content ranging from 0.30 to 0.65. The number of alleles identified in C. chinense Jacq. was 119, ranging from 2 to 5 alleles per locus, an average of 3.30, and polymorphic information content from 0.19 to 0.68. The C. annuum L. SSR primers were most often transferable and polymorphic for C. frutescens L. and C. chinense Jacq., and we present a set of SSR for each species.
horticultura horticultura brasileira brasileira O cultivo do pimentão (Capsicum annuum) em estufa tem aumentado consideravelmente nos últimos anos devido às altas produtividades e rentabilidade da cultura. Entretanto, o cultivo intensivo neste sistema tem acarretado graves problemas, destacando-se a maior ocorrência de doenças devido à limitação de rotação de culturas. Nestas condições, patógenos habitantes de solo são favorecidos e se estabelecem na área após cultivos sucessivos de materiais suscetíveis, como é o caso dos nematoides-das-galhas, especialmente Meloidogyne incognita e M. javanica, que são mais parasitos das hortaliças. ABSTRACT Reaction of Capsicum genotypes to root-knot nematodeThe objective of this research was to evaluate the response of experimental hybrids of Capsicum annuum ['Experimental Hybrid (EH)' and its Reciprocal (EHR)] and Embrapa Hortaliças elite genotypes of C. chinense, C. frutescens and C. baccatum to Meloidogyne incognita race 1, M. javanica and M. enterolobii. The hybrid pepper 'Magali R' was used as susceptible control to M. incognita race 1 and resistant to M. javanica, and as resistant controls to M. incognita race 1 and M. javanica 'Silver' and 'Snooker' rootstocks were used. 'Rutgers' tomato was used to confirm the viability of the inoculum. Two experiments were carried out in a greenhouse in a completely randomized design with six replications. Thirty-day old seedlings were transplanted to 2.0 L pots containing a mixture of soil, sand, cattle manure and carbonized rice husk (1:1:1:1). Plants were inoculated after transplanting with deposition of 5.0 mL of suspension containing 5,000 eggs and J2 of each species alone. After seventy days, plants were assessed by measuring the index of egg mass and galls, the number of eggs per gram of roots and the reproduction factor. The C. annuum experimental rootstock hybrids were resistant to M. incognita and M. javanica and susceptible to M. enterolobii, similar to 'Silver' and 'Snooker'. The hybrid 'Magali R' only showed resistance to M. javanica. Elite genotypes of C. chinense and C. baccatum were susceptible to all three species, while genotypes of C. frutescens were susceptible only to M. enterolobii. The experimental hybrids of Capsicum annuum and most genotypes of C. frutescens may be used in protected cultivation areas infested with M. incognita race 1 and M. javanica. However the search for resistant genotypes to M. enterolobii, as well as the development and adoption of control strategies is of crucial importance.
O registro de cultivares permite a produção e comercialização de sementes no país. É um processo importante para os programas de melhoramento, pois assegura a identidade genética e a qualidade varietal das cultivares. Adicionalmente, a proteção de cultivares, que garante os direitos intelectuais aos obtentores, possibilita que empresas públicas e privadas de pesquisa possam ser beneficiadas com o ingresso de recursos decorrentes dos direitos sobre as cultivares que desenvolvem dando sustentabilidade parcial ou total à continuidade de programas de melhoramento e o subseqüente lançamento de novas cultivares de interesse para o agronegócio brasileiro. Este trabalho apresenta a experiência do programa de melhoramento de Capsicum da Embrapa Hortaliças e o resultado dos processos de registro e proteção de cultivares de pimentas do grupo jalapeño, denominadas BRS Sarakura e BRS Garça. Foram utilizados 48 descritores, sendo que quatro apresentaram potencial discriminatório para diferenciar as duas cultivares: altura e largura das plantas, intensidade da coloração verde dos frutos antes da maturação e espessura do pedúnculo. Ambas cultivares apresentam uniformidade de plantas, alta produtividade, alto teores de capsaicina, estabilidade quanto aos descritores avaliados durante os dois ciclos, bem como se mostraram distintas de outras cultivares de pimentas do gênero Capsicum. Para a obtenção do registro e proteção das cultivares de pimenta foram relevantes a experiência na caracterização morfológica do banco de germoplasma e aplicação dos descritores, o conhecimento da morfologia da planta, o auxílio de um profissional na área de botânica para identificar as diversas espécies e variedades do gênero Capsicum e o conhecimento e cumprimento das exigências burocráticas para efetivação dos processos.
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