The effect of various concentrations of Neem Azal‐F (a commercial product of neem seed kernel extract with 5% azadirachtin content) on adult and first nymphal instars of the cow pea aphid Aphis craccivara was studied. The extract had a deterrent and anti‐feedant effect which hindered larviposition of the adults and decreased the reproductive period as well as the longevity of the adults. Also, the extract had an aphicidal effect against aphid, hindered development of the nymphs and elongated the duration of the nymphal stage. Nymphal treatment also resulted in a high percentage of winged form between the resulting progeny and, as the concentration increased, the percentage of winged form increased. The bioactivity of this extract against the adult aphids was assayed. Neem Azal‐F exhibited magnitude activity during the first 3 days after spraying.

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The effect of Artemisia monosperma wild plant hexane extract on some biological and physiological aspects of Spodoptera littoralis, as well as some biochemical and histopathological changes after treatment with this extract have been studied. The results indicated that treatment with larvae for two days revealed satisfactory effects in larval mortality (50%) and in larval weight and prolonged the effect in the pupal stage. Also the treatment reduced the food consumption and the amount of faeces of the tested larvae which led to a significant reduction in the final body weight with 76.4%. Treatment also extended the time of food passage through the midgut to 3.2 h compared to 1.38 h in control, and the larvae had a smaller midgut. The enzymatic activity of the digestive enzymes amylase and invertase revealed a significant inhibition in the treated larvae. Also transaminase enzyme activity (AST and ALT) reduced after treatment. The results of phosphatase enzyme activity (ACP and ALP) showed a potent inhibitory effect on both enzymes which more was pronounced in ALP than ACP activity, the percent inhibition being 73.8% and 30.6%, respectively. The histopathological effects of A. monosperma treatment on the midgut of Spodoptera littoralis revealed that the epithelium membrane was exfoliated and completely destroyed. Meanwhile, epithelia cells were strongly vacuolated and considerably elongated. Boundary lines between the cells disappeared.

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Field evaluation of some botanical formulations like Neem Azal T/S, Neem Azal T/S þ TS/fort and petroleum ether extract of Curcuma longa for the management of different pests attacking broad bean crop in a new reclaimed area at ElNoubaria and under storage conditions has been carried out. All tested formulations could be considered efficient in controlling Aphis craccivora infesting broad bean under field conditions. As to the leafminer, the number of living Liriomyza trifolii larvae decreased significantly compared to non-treated control. The number of living larvae continued to decrease until seven days post-treatment after which an increase in their number was noticed after 14 days post-treatment. Neem Azal T/S þ additive (TS/fort) ranked first in comparison to other treatments for the control of aphids and leafminers attacking broad bean in the field either by killing, deterrent or antifeedant effect. The yield of treated crop increased significantly in comparison to the control. Another spray was used before harvesting the crop with the same formulations for protection of the stored crop. Neem Azal T/S with adjuvant (TS/fort) protected broad bean seeds from weevil attack for one year. Petroleum ether extract of C. longa could protect the stored crops for two months only. The percentage weight loss in one kg stored seeds treated in the field with Neem formulation þ adjuvant was very small compared with those seeds treated with petroleum ether extract of C. longa and control.