Objective: The primary goal of this study was to assess the G-CSF effects on IVF outcomes in women with normal endometrial thickness. Patients and Methods:This was a randomized controlled study performed at Assisted Reproductive Techniques Center of Ain Shams University Maternity Hospital, over a 2-year period, between Jan 2014 and Jan 2016, and included 60 infertile women with normal endometrial thickness. Women were scheduled for IVF and randomized into two groups. Exclusion criteria were positive history of repeated implantation failure (RIF), endocrine disorders, severe endometriosis, congenital or acquired uterine anomaly and contraindication for G-CSF (renal disease, sickle cell disease, or malignancy). In G-CSF group (n=30), 300 μg trans-cervical intrauterine of G-CSF was administered at the oocyte retrieval day. Controls (n=30) were treated with standard protocol. Chemical, clinical and ongoing pregnancy rates, implantation rate, and miscarriage rate were compared between groups.Results: Biochemical pregnancy had occurred in 27.3% of participants in group I and 21.3% of women in group II with a signifi cant difference between the two groups. The clinical pregnancy rate was 22% and 16% in group I and II respectively with no signifi cant difference between the two groups. The acceptability of women in group I was 68%, mild discomfort occurred in 44.7%, moderate discomfort was in 28.7%, severe discomfort was in 11.3% and 15.3% of women in group I had no discomfort at all. Diffi cult fl ushing had occurred in 14.7% of women. Conclusion:It looks that the clinical pregnancy rates were signifi cantly higher by intracavitary infusion of granulocyte colony stimulating factor

the role of individual topics in the efficacy of IUI therapy. One of the topics was the insemination time which was done 32-36 hours after HCG injection [4]. However, it looks that among healthy women, the best time to become pregnant is if coitus occurred up to six days before ovulation [6]. Superovulation with usual doses of gonadotropins induces pregnancy in 10-15% of couples, as stated by large clinical trials [7-9]. The drawbacks of this method were an increase in the incidences of twin pregnancy (15-20%) and triplets (5-10%), thus rendering IUI as an unsafe technique in stimulated cycles [10]. It is a simple, noninvasive, and non-expensive method in assisted reproductive techniques but with a low pregnancy rate. Many studies have proved the value of gonadotropin-releasing hormone antagonist as an effective method to prevent premature luteinization. However, most of these studies failed to find a significant improvement in clinical pregnancy rates in ovarian induction IUI cycles [11-13]. Hence, the rationale intended for this randomized controlled study was to test the hypothesis that the antagonist protocol can lead