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This study is a contribution to characterizations of non-isothermal ceramic samples, for mean temperatures higher than 1000 • C. The objective is to determine the infrared radiative emission, of materials often used as thermal barrier coatings, under realistic thermal boundary conditions. The problem is treated by both experimental and numerical approaches that reveal additional ways of investigation. Results from sintered zirconia and plasma-sprayed alumina are presented. The experimental bench, designed and built to perform emission measurements on semi-transparent ceramics at high temperature, is described. The numerical code used to solve coupled conduction-radiation heat transfers in semi-transparent media is introduced. Special attention is paid to calculation of radiative properties of plasma-sprayed samples characterized by their complex internal microstructure. Experimental and theoretical emission factors obtained from these kinds of ceramics samples are compared and analyzed. The influence of the inside temperature gradient on emission is discussed.