The stereoselective synthesis of methyl 3,11 -dimethyl-10,11 -cí'í-epoxy-7-ethyl-2-fra«s,6-/razzí-tridecadienoate (1), the C-18 juvenile hormone of Hyalophora cecropia, by two alternative routes is described. The first method proceeds via a Claisen condensation of trimethylorthoacetate with methyl 6-hydroxy-3-methyl-7-methylene-2-/ra«j-nonenoate (9) and a second method utilized the versatile bifunctional intermediate 25.he isolation and identification3 of the juvenile hormones 1 and 2 of Hyalophora cecropia prompted us to investigate their stereoselective synthesis. This pair of compounds is responsible, at least in silk moths, for the maintenance of juvenile characteristics in the larvae, and the hormones show gonadotropic, morphogenetic, and prothoracotropic activities.4 The synthesis of the C-17 hormone 2 is described in the accompanying paper.5 Here we wish to report two alternate routes to the C-18 hormone 1 based on the recently published ortho ester Claisen rearrangement.6 4 Although the major juvenile hormone 1 produced by the silk moth has been synthesized many times recently with varying degrees of stereoselectivity and utility,7 we had wished to develop a versatile stereoselective route (1) Contribution No. 6 from the Research Laboratory of Zoecon Corp.(2) Zoecon postdoctoral fellow, 1969-1970.
Die Umsetzung des Hydroxyesters (III) [dargestellt aus dem Aldehyd (I) mit dem Grignard‐Reagenz (II)] mit dem Orthoacetat (IV) gibt den Diester (Va), der durch Li‐alanat‐Reduktion den Hydroxyester (Vb) bzw. durch anschlie‐ βende CrO3‐ Oxidation den Aldehyd (Vc) liefert.
Novel types of mitochondrial respiration inhibitors at complex I, with emphasis on acaricidal activity, have been designed and prepared. The synthetic approach to these 4-pyrimidinylphenyl ethyl ethers and amines with a speci®c ketal or oxime function in the phenyl side chain is outlined. Bioassays demonstrate their high potential against important spider mites, like Tetranychus urticae and Panonychus ulmi. Structure±activity relationship studies and several biological parameters are discussed.
1. Einleitung. -Sarcostemma viminak (L.) R. BR. ist eine in Afrika weit verbreitete Asclepiadacee. Es handelt sich um eine blattlose Pflanzes), deren grune Stengel die Assimilation tatigen. In einigen Gegenden wird sie in der Volksmedizin verwendet [2] [3]. uber die Giftigkeit finden sich verschiedene Angaben [2] [3], doch scheint sie nicht sehr ausgepraigt zu sein, denn die Pflanze wird verschiedentlich auch als Nahrungsmittel verwendet [3]. Es ist jedoch zu beachten. dass unter dem Namen S. vimilzale verschiedene Formen zusammengefasst werden. deren systematkche Revision noch aussteht [43. Es ist durchaus moglich, dass die Sammelart nach genauer Untersuchung in mehrere Unterarten oder selbstandige Arten aufgetrennt werden muss. Nach Privatmitteilung von H e m Dr. I. B. POLE EVANS wachsen allein in Stidrhodesien drei sehr deutlich verschiedene Sippen, die seiner Ansicht nach den Rang von 3 selbstandigen Arten verdienen und die er kurz wie folgt charakterisiert (Brief vom 7. Jan. 1964) : l) Auszug aus Diss. F. SCHAUB. Basel 1967. *) 306. Mitt.: BHATNAGAR sf 01. 111.' ) Nach POLE-EVANS kihnen gelegentlich winzige ovale nidimentgrc Blgtter gefunden werden. ' The three forms of Sarcostemma which I can clearly recognise are: A. The tree form which has a distinct stem which supports itself and is able to give the necessary support to the main branches which i t bears. This has a well-developed root system (Herbarmuster 6375, vermutlich identisch mit 6636).B. The shrub form which seeks support at once from the surrounding trees and bush by climbing and twining into them. This normally forms a main stem some 2-3 inches in diamcter which may branch profusely some 6 to 7 feet up and then form a dense canopy in the tree or bush in which it is growing. This type has a well-developed root system (Herbarmuster 6422).C. The prostrate form is only seen trailing over large unbroken rock outcrops. I t makes no attempt to twine or climb in adjoining bush. I havc seen two types of this prostrate form. onc (Nr. 6430) with thin and much-branched stems, the other (Kr. 6687) with thick stems up to inch in diameter. Both of these types develop patches of ~m d l roots from the trailing nodes wherever they come in contact with cracks in the rock surface. ' uber eine orientierende chemische Untersuchung von Sarcostemma vimalzale aus Nigeria (Probe e, siehe unten) wurde friiher berichtet IS]. Danach enthielten die Stengel keine Alkaloide und keine Cardenolide, wohl aber reichlich Glykoside von Desoxyzuckern. Nach Privatmitteilung von Herrn Prof. 0. JECER (vgl. Fussnote 103 in [5]) waren darin Derivate des Sarcostins enthalten. Ober weitere chemische Untersuchungen ist uns nichts bekannt. -Aus S. australe 12. RR. haben CORNFORTH Lk EARL [6] erstmals krist. Sarcostin isoliert.Hier beschreiben wir eine Analyse der Stengel von S. vimirtale aus Sudrhodesien (Probe a, siehe unten).
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