This study was conducted to determine the effect on growth and reproductive performance of supplementing dried Centrosema pubescens leaf meal to Archachatina marginata snails. A total of 80 growing, medium-sized A. marginata snails were used. Twenty snails were randomly assigned to one of the four experimental diets as T 1 , T 2 , T 3 , and T 4 containing 0%, 5%, 10%, and 15% dietary inclusion levels of dried C. pubescens leaves, respectively. Each diet constituted a treatment and each treatment was replicated four times with five snails per replicate. Results showed that snails under T 4 had the highest (P < .05) final body weight, average weight gain, and daily weight gain (346.89, 47.60, and 0.85 g, respectively) with the best feed conversion to meat rate of 2.12. The weekly feed intake and average body weight gain revealed the superiority of dietary T 4 in supporting the growth of snails more efficiently than other dietary treatments (T 1 , T 2 , and T 3) used in this study. The number of eggs laid, percentage fertility, and hatchability were highest (P < .05) for snails fed dietary T 4 with the least (P < .05) embryo mortality of 2.22%. Archachatina marginata snails fed 15% dietary inclusion of dried C. pubescens leaves (T 4) were the best in growth and reproductive performance.
This study was conducted to evaluate the growth performance and haematological profiles of broiler chickens served dietary inclusion of probiotics (Saccharomyces cereviasae) and enzyme (Bio-enzyme). One hundred and twenty, one day-old broiler chicks of Agrited strain were used for the study. The birds were randomly allotted to four dietary treatments. Each treatment contained 30 birds replicated three times to contain 10 birds per replicate in a completely randomized design experiment. The four dietary treatments were T1 Control (no probiotics and enzyme), T2 (had both probiotics and enzyme), T3 (probiotics only) and T4 (Enzyme only). The birds were given feed and water ad-libitum and the quantity of feed consumed each day was determined through weigh back techniques while the birds were weighed weekly throughout the experimental period. The experiment lasted eight weeks. The results showed significant (p<0.05) differences in the final body weight, total weight gain, average daily weight gain, total feed intake, average daily feed intake and feed conversion ratio. Chickens on treatment 2 had the highest final body weight of 3011.57g and performed better than chickens in other dietary treatments. Similar trend was observed in the haematological profile as treatment two were highest in value across the treatments and parameters measured except in packed cell volume where the highest value (36.33 %) was recorded in treatment 4. It was concluded from the study that treatment two which contained both probiotics and enzyme performed better and thus, recommended to farmers for broiler production.
As the use of antibiotics as growth promoters have been banned in different countries, researchers have been working hard to find alternatives to antibiotics, and also come up with other substances that can promote growth, health and productivity in broiler chickens. The study was conducted to evaluate the serum biochemistry of broiler chickens served dietary inclusion of probiotics (Saccharomyces cereviasae) and enzyme. One hundred and twenty, one day-old broiler chicks Ross strain were used for the study. The birds were randomly allotted to four dietary treatments. Each treatment contained 30 birds replicated three times to contain 10 birds per replicate in a completely randomized design experiment. The four dietary treatments were T1 Control (no probiotics and no enzyme), T2 (both probiotics and enzyme), T3 (Probiotics only) and T4 (Enzyme only). The probiotics and enzyme was included at 0.8% and 0.02%, respectively. The birds were given feed and water ad-libitum. The experiment lasted for eight weeks. At the end of the experimental period, three birds were randomly chosen from each replicate for serum biochemistry profiling and liver function test. The results showed that inclusion of probiotics and enzyme had significant effect (p<0.05) on the serum biochemistry profile and liver function indices. Low density lipoprotein was reduced from 3.83±0.60g/l in the control group to 2.18±0.12g/l in T2 (Probiotic and Enzyme) group. Lymphocytes values ranged from 26.00% to 38.00% in the treated groups, while the control had 45.67%. The dietary inclusion of probiotics and enzyme reduced total cholesterol from 5.07g/l to 4.22g/l and low density lipoprotein from 3.83g/l to 2.18g/l in the (probiotics and enzyme) treated group and also improved liver function indices of the broiler chickens. Aspartate aminotransferase, Alanine aminotransferase, Alkaline phosphatase and total bilirubin had range values of 114.67 to 150.67 µl, (21.00 to 28.67 µl, 10.33 to 17.00 µl and 1.30 to 1.47mg/dl, respectively. It was therefore, concluded that combination of probiotics and enzyme should be included in broiler diets for immunity improvement, good liver function and reduction in cholesterol levels. Depuis l'interdit de l'utilisation d'antibiotiques comme stimulateur de croissance dans différents pays, les chercheurs ont travaillé dur pour trouver des alternatives aux antibiotiques, ainsi que d'autres substances susceptibles de favoriser la croissance, la santé et la productivité des poulets de chair. L'étude a été menée pour évaluer la biochimie sérique des poulets de chair a servi d'inclusion alimentaire de probiotiques (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) et d'enzymes. Des poussins de chair Ross de cent vingt et un jours ont été utilisés pour l'étude. Les oiseaux ont été attribués au hasard à quatre traitements diététiques. Chaque traitement contenait 30 oiseaux répliqués trois fois pour contenir 10 oiseaux par réplica dans une expérience de conception complètement aléatoire. Les quatre traitements diététiques étaient le contrôle T1 (sans probiotiques et sans enzyme), T2 (probiotiques et enzyme), T3 (probiotiques uniquement) et T4 (enzyme uniquement). Les probiotiques et l'enzyme ont été inclus à 0,8% et 0,02%, respectivement. Les oiseaux ont reçu de la nourriture et de l'eau ad-libitum. L'expérience a duré huit semaines. À la fin de la période expérimentale, trois oiseaux ont été choisis au hasard dans chaque réplique pour le profilage de la biochimie sérique et le test de la fonction hépatique. Les résultats ont montré que l'inclusion de probiotiques et d'enzymes avait un effet significatif (p <0,05) sur le profil biochimique sérique et les indices de la fonction hépatique. Les lipoprotéines de basse densité ont été réduites de 3,83 ± 0,60 g / l dans le groupe témoin à 2,18 ± 0,12 g / l dans le groupe T2 (probiotique et enzyme). Les valeurs des lymphocytes variaient de 26,00% à 38,00% dans les groupes traités, tandis que le témoin en avait 45,67%. L'inclusion alimentaire de probiotiques et d'enzymes a réduit le cholestérol total de 5,07 g / l à 4,22 g / l et les lipoprotéines de basse densité de 3,83 g / l à 2,18 g / l dans le groupe traité (probiotiques et enzyme) et a également amélioré les indices de la fonction hépatique des poulets de chair. L'aspartate aminotransférase, l'alanine aminotransférase, la phosphatase alcaline et la bilirubine totale avaient des valeurs comprises entre 114,67 et 150,67 µl, (21,00 à 28,67 µl, 10,33 à 17,00 µl et 1,30 à 1,47 mg / dl, respectivement. Il a donc été conclu que l'association de probiotiques et d'enzyme doivent être inclus dans les régimes alimentaires pour poulets de chair pour l'amélioration de l'immunité, la bonne fonction hépatique et la réduction du taux de cholestérol.
Searching for a non-conventional and less competitive plant feed sources such as Telfairia occidentalis leaf meal to serve as an alternative in poultry nutrition will solve the problem of scarcity and high cost of convectional feed sources facing poultry production today. The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of dietary inclusion levels of Telfairia occidentalis leaf meal (TOLM) on the carcass and organ characteristics of finisher broiler chickens. A total of 120 Anak strain broiler birds at 28 days of age of mixed sexes were used. The birds at the completion of their fourth week were randomly assigned to four dietary treatments, with 30 birds per treatment. Each treatment was replicated thrice with 10 bird per replicate. The TOLM was included in feed and fed ad libitum to the birds in a completely randomized experimental design. The inclusion levels of TOLM in the feed were: T (control 1 diet) = 0 % TOLM. T = 0.5 % TOLM. T = 1 % TOLM and T = 1.5 % TOLM. The following 2 3 4 carcass and organ parameters were measured: dressed carcass, breast muscle, thigh muscle, wing, shank, head, neck, visceral, liver, intact gizzard, and empty gizzard and heart weights. Lengths of small intestines of the birds were also measured. The results obtained showed significant (p<0.05) differences in the mean values for dressed carcass weight, shank weight, breast muscle weight, thigh muscle, weight of head and neck. For organ parameters measured, visceral, liver, intact gizzard and heart weights values were not significant (p>0.05), while values for small intestine length and empty gizzard weights among the treatments were significant (p<0.05). Birds on TOLM diet improved significantly (p<0.05) in carcass and organ parameters measured compared with the control birds, while among the treatment groups, T birds recorded the highest(p<0.05) values in all the carcass and organ 4 parameters measured followed by T . Generally, there was an observed increase in carcass 3 and organ parameters as TOLM level in the diets increased. In conclusion 1.5 % level of Telfairia occidentalis leaf meal was recommended due to its influence on carcass and organ parameters. La recherche de sources d'alimentation végétales non conventionnelles et moins compétitives telles que la farine de feuilles de Telfairia occidentalis pour servir d'alternative à la nutrition de la volaille résoudra le problème de la rareté et du coût élevé des sources d'alimentation par convection auxquelles la production de volaille est confrontée aujourd'hui. L'objectif de cette étude était d'étudier l'effet des niveaux d'inclusion alimentaire de la farine de feuilles de Telfairia occidentalis (FFTO) sur les caractéristiques de la carcasse et des organes des poulets à griller en finition. Un total de 120 poulets à griller de souche Anak âgés de 28 jours de sexes mixtes ont été utilisés. Les oiseaux à la fin de leurquatrième semaine ont été assignés au hasard à quatre traitements diététiques, avec 30 oiseaux par traitement. Chaque traitement a été répété trois fois avec 10 oiseaux par répétition. Le FFTO a été inclus dans les aliments et distribué ad libitum aux oiseaux dans une conception expérimentale complètement randomisée. Les niveaux d'inclusion de FFTO dans l'aliment étaient : T (régime témoin) = 0 % de FFTO. T = 0,5 % FFTO. T = 1 % FFTO 1 2 3 et T = 1,5 % FFTO. Les paramètres suivants de la carcasse et des organes ont été mesurés : 4 carcasse habillée, muscle de la poitrine, muscle de la cuisse, aile, jarret, tête, cou, viscéral, foie, gésier intact et poids du gésier et du cœur vides. La longueur des intestins grêles des oiseaux a également été mesurée. Les résultats obtenus ont montré des différences significatives (p<0,05) dans les valeurs moyennes du poids de la carcasse habillée, du poids du jarret, du poids du muscle de la poitrine, du muscle de la cuisse, du poids de la tête et du cou. Pour les paramètres d'organes mesurés, les valeurs de poids des viscères, du foie, du gésier intact et du cœur n'étaient pas significatives (p>0,05), tandis que les valeurs de longueur de l'intestin grêle et de poids du gésier vide parmi les traitements étaient significatives (p<0,05). Les oiseaux sous régime FFTO ont amélioré de manière significative (p<0,05) les paramètres de la carcasse et des organes mesurés par rapport aux oiseaux témoins, tandis que parmi les groupes de traitement, les oiseaux T ont enregistré les 4 valeurs les plus élevées (p<0,05) pour tous les paramètres de la carcasse et des organes mesurés, suivis de T . En général, on a observé une augmentation des paramètres de la 3 carcasse et des organes à mesure que le niveau de FFTO dans les régimes augmentait. En conclusion, un niveau de 1,5 % de farine de feuilles de Telfairia occidentalis a été recommandé en raison de son influence sur les paramètres de la carcasse et des organes.
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