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This work purpose was to estimate the implication of suspected adrenal function deficiencies, which was influenced by oxidative stress (OS) that are generating brain plasticity, and reorganization of the functional control. This phenomenon was revealed in two-hemodialysis patients described in this paper. Blood oxygenation level dependent functional magnetic resonance imaging (BOLD-fMRI) revealed a significant activation of the motor cortex. Hemodialysis seems to originate an inflammatory state of the cerebral tissue reflected by increased OS, while expected to decrease since hemodialysis eliminates free radicals responsible for OS. Considering adrenal function deficiencies, sensitivity to OS and assessed hyponatremia and hypercalcemia, adrenal function deficiencies is strongly suspected in both patients. This probably contributes to amplify brain plasticity and a reorganization of functional control after hemodialysis that is compared to earlier reported studies. Brain plasticity and functional control reorganization was revealed by BOLD-fMRI with a remarkable sensitivity. Brain plastic changes are originated by elevated OS associating indices of adrenal function deficiencies. These results raise important issues about adrenal functional deficiencies impact on brain plasticity in chronic hemodialysis-patients. This motivates more global studies of plasticity induced factors in this category of patients including adrenal functional deficiencies and OS.

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In the treatment of end-stage renal disease, kidney transplantation (KT) is the best and most cost-effective alternative with regard to both prognosis and quality of life. To identify the proportion and the characteristics of kidney transplant candidates who can be considered eligible, a total of 2066 hemodialysis patients were investigated as part of the ARTEMIS (Attitude toward Renal Transplantation and Eligibility among dialysis patients in a Moroccan Interregional Survey) study. We investigated all patients receiving hemodialysis in the 39 centers of four Moroccan departments. The mean age was 52.9 years and the mean duration of hemodialysis was 55.3 months. Fifty-eight percent of our patients were considered eligible for KT; 18.2% had an absolute contraindication and 23.8% had one or more relative contraindications. When compared with eligible patients (n = 1200) in the univariate analysis, those ineligible were significantly older (61 years vs. 51, P < 0.0001), had no residual diuresis (59.8% vs. 49.1%, P < 0.0001), were more often diabetic (25.1% vs. 11.9%, P < 0.0001) and hypertensive (54.5% vs. 45.8%, P < 0.0001), and their median dialysis duration was longer (61 months vs. 51, P < 0.0001). In the multivariate models, eligibility remained associated with young age, less term of dialysis and residual diuresis. Adequate control of cardiovascular risk factors before dialysis and early referral for transplantation might help to improve eligibility of the renal transplant candidates.