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Background The lockdown of COVID-19 (Coronavirus Disease 2019) is associated with several stressful factors that can negatively affect peoples' sleep quality and mental health. Objectives: We conducted this study to evaluate sleep disorders and psychological impact associated with the spread of the COVID-19 and the lockdown on the Moroccan population. We also aimed to study the effects of respondents' beliefs and attitudes about sleep on sleep disorders, anxiety-related symptoms, and depressive symptoms. Material and Methods We used a questionnaire enclosing respondents' sociodemographic information, five psychological and behavioral tests including Dysfunctional Beliefs and Attitudes about Sleep (DBAS-16), Athens Insomnia Scale (AIS), Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS), Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (HARS) and Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) test. Results Our results highlighted widespread false beliefs about sleep and the prevalence of sleep disorders, anxiety, and depression-related symptoms within the Moroccan population. Nearly 82.3% of respondents revealed false beliefs about sleep. Furthermore, we confirmed a strong positive correlation between knowledge and attitudes about sleep and the prevalence of sleep disorders, anxiety, and depression-related symptoms. However, we found no significant difference in the prevalence of sleep and psychological disorders, between healthcare workers and other professions workers. Conclusion Our study revealed a high prevalence of sleep disorders, anxiety, and depressive symptoms in the Moroccan population during the COVID-19 lockdown period. Moreover, false beliefs on sleep understanding were prevalent and were presenting a risk factor leading to sleep disorders, anxiety, and depressive symptoms.

This study involves the adsorption of Crystal Violet (CV) dye adsorbed from solution on the pyrophyllite's surface. The batch technique was used under a variety of conditions to produce quantitative adsorption, namely amount of adsorbent, dye concentration, contact time, pH solution and temperature. The maximum adsorption capacity of Crystal Violet on pyrophyllite was 9.58 mg/g for 10 mg/L of CV concentration, pH = 6.8 at a temperature 20°C and 1 g/L of adsorbent. This study of adsorption kinetics was carried out within framework of three models: intraparticle diffusion, pseudo-first order and pseudo-second order. The experimental isotherm data were analyzed using Langmuir and Freundlich models. Different thermodynamic parameters have shown spontaneous reaction with endothermic nature (The estimated value for DG was À7.64 kJ/mol at 293 K). Various techniques for characterizing the adsorbent were applied including X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy (XRF), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) coupled by energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX). In addition, the regenerated adsorbents technique was reused several times; this demonstrated an economical aspect of using pyrophyllite which underlines the re-use importance considering the material capacity to regenerate.

The objective of this study was to investigate the potential of ultra short echo time imaging for the assessment of caries lesions and early demineralization. 12 patients with suspected caries lesions underwent a dental magnetic resonance imaging investigation comprising ultra short echo time imaging (echo time = 50 μs) and spin echo imaging. Before the dental magnetic resonance imaging, all patients underwent a conventional clinical dental investigation including visual assessment of the teeth as well as dental x‐ray imaging. All lesions identifiable in the x‐ray could be clearly identified in the ultra short echo time images, but only about 19% of the lesions were visible in the spin echo images. In 19% of all lesions, the lesions could be more clearly delineated in the ultra short echo time images than in the x‐ray images. This was especially the case for secondary lesions. In direct comparison with the x‐ray images, all lesions appeared substantially larger in the dental magnetic resonance imaging data. The presented data provide evidence that caries lesions can be identified in ultra short echo time magnetic resonance imaging with high sensitivity. The apparent larger volume of the lesions in dental magnetic resonance imaging may be attributed to fluid accumulation in demineralized areas without substantial breakdown of mineral structures. Magn Reson Med, 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.

Background:The incidence of tuberculosis is increasing, and skeletal tuberculosis accounts for 10-20% of all extrapulmonary cases. Spinal tuberculosis occurs mostly in children and young adults. It causes bone destruction, spinal deformity and neural complications.Materials and Methods:Our study includes 37 children (below 15 years of age) with spinal tuberculosis treated in our department in the last 6 years. The demographic data, clinical profile, surgical intervention and outcome of these children are reported.Results:The mean age ranged from 4 to 15 years, with an average of 9.1 years, and the male/female ratio was 1.8. Thirty patients (81%) had progressive inflammatory rachialgia and only six patients (16.2%) had neurological symptoms. The lumbar spine was mostly affected (23 cases). All patients have benefited from antituberculous chemotherapy (Regimen 2SRHZ/10RH) associated with spinal immobilization during 3 months. The surgical treatment was indicated in seven patients because of the presence of large bilateral abscess of the psoas muscle in one patient and the presence of severe neurological symptoms in the six remaining patients. The evolution was favorable in all cases, including those with neurological symptoms. There was no case of death and the length of follow-up for these patients ranged between 1 and 4 years.Conclusion:Spinal tuberculosis is still a prevalent disease in developing countries, mainly occurring in children. Complications of the disease can be devastating because of its ability to cause bone destruction, spinal deformity and paraplegia. Therefore, an early diagnosis and establishment of treatment are necessary to expect a good outcome.