In contrast to river floods, the enormous erosion potential in catchments contributes significantly to the extent of damage to infrastructure in valleys. This paper investigates the impact of the heavy precipitation event of 14–15 July 2021 on the railroad in the Ahr valley in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany. In a first step, a detailed overview of the climatological and hydrological drivers using spatially high-resolved precipitation distribution and peak discharge modeling is provided, and the event is placed in a broader context by comparing it to past flash flood events from 1910 and 2016. In a second step, a detailed mapping of damages along the railroad line is performed using aerial photographs. The mapping revealed that bridges are the weakest point during a flood event and that they contribute to an increase and modification of the flood wave through backwater effects. Since flood events are expected to increase in the future, there is an urgent need to increase the resilience of transportation to this hazard and to answer the question of what magnitudes and return periods of events should be used in future sizing of rail infrastructure.
<p>Die Anpassung an ver&#228;nderte klimatische Randbedingungen und extreme Wetterereignisse ist neben der Reduzierung von anthropogenen Treibhausgasemissionen der zweite wichtige Baustein im Umgang mit dem Klimawandel. Im Rahmen des Forschungsprogramms BMVI-Expertennetzwerk untersuchen die sieben beteiligten Bundesoberbeh&#246;rden im Themenfeld <em>Klimawandelfolgen und Anpassung </em>die Exposition und Sensitivit&#228;t der Verkehrsinfrastruktur gegen&#252;ber klimatischen Einfl&#252;ssen und Wirkungen. Die Ergebnisse werden kombiniert mit Analysen zur verkehrlichen und wirtschaftlichen Bedeutsamkeit von Verkehrsinfrastrukturen (Kritikalit&#228;t). Basierend auf der Bewertung und Integration der Analysen werden Elemente im Verkehrssystem identifiziert, die heute und zuk&#252;nftig potenziell von &#196;nderungen der klimatischen Einfl&#252;sse und deren Wirkungen betroffen sind. In enger Zusammenarbeit mit den Betreibern der Infrastrukturen Stra&#223;e, Schiene und Wasserstra&#223;e werden Anpassungsma&#223;nahmen entwickelt, um die Resilienz der Verkehrstr&#228;ger gegen&#252;ber dem Klimawandel zu erh&#246;hen.</p><p>Erstmals wurde die Analyse von Klimawirkungen auf die Bundesverkehrswege mit verkehrstr&#228;ger&#252;bergreifend und bundesweit einheitlichen Szenarien und Bewertungsschritten durchgef&#252;hrt. M&#246;gliche Anpassungsma&#223;nahmen an die zu erwartenden Klima&#228;nderungen sind bisher exemplarisch beschrieben und analysiert. Das Spektrum an Anpassungsma&#223;nahmen ist dabei sehr vielf&#228;ltig &#8211; sie k&#246;nnen informatorischer, regulatorischer, ingenieurstechnischer oder operativer Art sein. Die exemplarischen Analysen umfassen u.&#160;a. eine Pr&#252;fung der Regelwerke des Bahnbetriebs (regulatorisch), verschiedene Studien zu Aspekten des Wasserstra&#223;enmanagements im Binnen- und K&#252;stenbereich (operativ) oder materialtechnische Untersuchungen zur Hitzesensitivit&#228;t des Stra&#223;enoberbaus (ingenieurstechnisch). Durch den gerade im Aufbau befindlichen DAS-Basisdienst &#8222;Klima und Wasser&#8220; wird ein operationeller Klimadienst geschaffen, der fl&#228;chendeckend, langfristig und regelm&#228;&#223;ig aktualisierte Daten zur Bewertung von klimatischen Einfl&#252;ssen und Wirkungen auf das Verkehrssystem bereitstellt (informatorisch).</p>
<p>Heavy precipitation events are an important trigger for flash floods and landslides on local and regional scale. In contrast to river floods, the enormous erosion potential in catchment areas contributes significantly to the extent of damage of infrastructure located in the valley floors. Due to the mobilisation of large amounts of sediment and deadwood, entrapment occurs at narrow points, e.g. bridges, which can subsequently lead to high flash flood waves, leading to destruction of transport infrastructure located close to rivers and streams. Considering climate change, such events are supposed to increase in the future. Hence, there is an urgent need to increase traffic resilience to this hazard.</p><p>This contribution examines the impact of the heavy precipitation event from 14./15. July 2021 on the railway in the Ahr valley in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany. Large parts of the railway infrastructure were completely destroyed by the flood event. In a first step, a detailed overview of the climatological and hydrological drivers, by means of spatially high-resoluted distribution of precipitation and peak discharges modelling, is given. The event is than compared to past flash flood events of 1910 and 2016 along the Ahr valley. The second step presents a detailed mapping of the damage that occurred along the railway line based on aerial photographs, and addresses the question of the extent to which the railway infrastructure, especially bridges, contributed to the increase in the flood wave and the erosion potential. Based on the analysis, recommendations for action to foster the resilience of railway infrastructure to flash floods are presented, especially the question what magnitudes and return periods of events future dimensioning of railway infrastructure should be based on.</p>
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