El artículo analiza la política exterior de Juan Manuel Santos durante sus dos períodos (2010-2018). Se revisan los factores sistémicos y domésticos que incidieron en su proceso de toma de decisión, encaminado a buscar el apo­yo interno y externo para consolidar el com­plejo proceso de paz (2012-2016). El resultado fue una diplomacia activa para la paz, basada en el acercamiento regional, la diversificación estratégica y la búsqueda de prestigio para po­tenciar a Colombia en el sistema internacional.

This paper examines two innovative educational initiatives for the Ecuadorian public health workforce: a Canadian-funded Masters programme in ecosystem approaches to health that focuses on building capacity to manage environmental health risks sustainably; and the training of Ecuadorians at the Latin American School of Medicine in Cuba (known as Escuela Latinoamericana de Medicina in Spanish). We apply a typology for analysing how training programmes address the needs of marginalized populations and build capacity for addressing health determinants. We highlight some ways we can learn from such training programmes with particular regard to lessons, barriers and opportunities for their sustainability at the local, national and international levels and for pursuing similar initiatives in other countries and contexts. We conclude that educational efforts focused on the challenges of marginalization and the determinants of health require explicit attention not only to the knowledge, attitudes and skills of graduates but also on effectively engaging the health settings and systems that will reinforce the establishment and retention of capacity in low-and middle-income settings where this is most needed.Une traduction en français de ce résumé figure à la fin de l'article. Al final del artículo se facilita una traducción al español. ‫املقالة.‬ ‫لهذه‬ ‫الكامل‬ ‫النص‬ ‫نهاية‬ ‫يف‬ ‫الخالصة‬ ‫لهذه‬ ‫العربية‬ ‫الرتجمة‬

This article, through a Foreign Policy Analysis (FPA) perspective, analyses the only longterm foreign policy decision ever made in Colombia. Since FPA portrays a theory of human political choice to analyse foreign policy behaviour, this analysis will specifically focus on Plan Colombia's decision-makers as a case study using empirical examples. The purpose is to understand the specificity of this foreign policy decision-making process from an unexplored perspective, namely Groupthink theory. Although Janis has asserted that the process would negatively affect decision-making quality, this article contradicts this assumption based on both the boundaries and opportunities encountered when applying mainstream FPA to a non-US case study. As such, a major challenge remains when it comes to judging quality and, correspondingly, expecting certain outcomes. This article demonstrates that group cohesiveness and concurrence-seeking tendencies may be useful for explaining successful foreign policy decision outcomes.

No abstract

Los estudios tradicionales sobre regionalismo en América Latina se han centrado en el origen de las organizaciones regionales del siglo XX, ignorando los procesos del siglo previo. Este artículo explica el regionalismo hispanoamericano durante el ciclo de cumbres confederativas (1826-1865) desde la perspectiva del Realismo Neoclásico. De esta manera, identificamos las variables sistémicas y domesticas que incidieron en las políticas exteriores de América Latina con el objetivo de construir una confederación hispanoamericana. Paradójicamente, la estrategia europea de instaurar el orden monárquico influyó el plan confederativo, pero la debilidad política interna y la imposibilidad de movilizar recursos, determinaron el fracaso de esta iniciativa regional. Palabras claves: América Latina; regionalismo; política exterior; diplomacia; construcción del Estado; Realismo Neoclásico The mainstream studies on regionalism in Latin America have focused on the origins of 20th-Century regional organizations, ignoring the background of regionalism's processes during the previous century. This paper explains the Hispano-American regionalism during the confederative period (1826-1865) under the insights of Neoclassical Realism. Based on this framework, we identify systemic and domestic variables, which affected Latin American foreign policies in their aim of building a confederation. Paradoxically, the European strategy to prompt a monarchical restoration in Latin America influenced the confederative plan, but the internal political weakness and the impossibility of mobilizing resources determined the failure of this regional initiative.