Insect–fungal interactions are an important but understudied aspect of tropical forest ecology. Here we present the first large‐scale study of insect communities feeding on the reproductive structures of macrofungi (basidiomes) in the Neotropics. This trophic interaction is not well characterized in most ecosystems; however, beetle consumption of basidiomes is thought to be affected by fungal factors, via mechanisms analogous to those observed in plant–herbivore interactions and in some interactions with fungi as hosts in the Holarctic region. We investigated how the composition of beetle assemblages varies as a function of fungal taxonomic distance, basidiome consistency, and hyphal systems. We collected 367 basidiomes belonging to the orders Polyporales and Hymenochaetales in the subtropical Araucaria angustifolia forest region of southern Brazil, along with any fauna present or without it. Basidiomes were maintained individually in the laboratory in plastic containers for up to three months to allow beetles to develop to adulthood, at which point the beetles were collected. We found that 207 basidiome specimens representing 40 species were associated with beetles. We recorded 447 occurrences of Coleoptera, representing 90 morphospecies from 20 families. We found that assemblages of fungivorous Coleoptera were more similar among more closely related fungi. Furthermore, the beetle assemblages varied as a function of basidiome toughness, which is influenced by sporocarp consistency and hyphal system type. The associations between beetles and basidiomes resemble those reported previously in temperate zones, suggesting continuity in the structure of such associations across a wide latitudinal range.
O presente trabalho apresenta um diagnóstico das atividades de educação ambiental em Unidades de Conservação, faz um levantamento dos problemas enfrentados pelas UCs e propõe ações para auxiliar na efetividade destas atividades. O estudo foi realizado através de um questionário onde seis UCs responderam à pesquisa: Parque Nacional Aparados da Serra e Parque Nacional da Serra Geral, Parque Estadual Delta do Jacuí e Área de Proteção Ambiental Estadual Delta do Jacuí, Parque Estadual de Itapeva, Parque Estadual de Itapuã, Área de Proteção Ambiental do Banhado Grande e Parque Natural Municipal Morro do Osso. Todas as UCs informaram realizar alguma atividade de educação ambiental, com exceção da APA Banhado Grande. O principal problema citado para a não realização das atividades é a falta de incentivo financeiro e falta de pessoal. Sobre as necessidades para a efetividade das ações e alcance dos objetivos da UC, foram citadas: a falta de recursos humanos, capacitação de pessoal, recursos financeiros e fiscalização. Ações propostas pelo estudo para auxiliar a gestão e tornar ações efetivas, incluem: diagnóstico rápido participativo, pesquisas de educação ambiental em UC, parcerias com outras instituições, capacitação de educadores ambientais, estratégias de arrecadação de recursos financeiros, monitoramento e acompanhamento da efetividade das atividades.
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