The k-Nearest Neighbor (KNN) algorithm was used to classify and select biodegradable packaging produced from fish gelatine incorporated with palm oil and clove and oregano essential oils. All reinforced films are highly resistant to attraction, with an emphasis on a sample of clove essential oil with a value of 53.18 MPa. Also, the addition of palm oil and essential oils increases the elasticity and thickness of the packages. The packages have antioxidant and antimicrobial properties with an inhibition zone for S. aureus of 11.73 and 11.23 mm for the film with essential oil of oregano and film with palm oil, respectively. KNN proved to be efficient for the classification and selection of packaging. The results highlighted the packaging with clove essential oil as the best for presenting the highest values of antioxidant activity, tensile strength, and elongation. Palm oil is an interesting alternative for applications in biodegradable films due to its antimicrobial activity, antioxidant properties, abundance, and low cost. Packaging made of fish gelatin with the addition of vegetable oils is a promising alternative for food applications.
Resumo-Este trabalho visa analisar o impacto da interferência provocada pelo sistema Power Line Communication (PLC) no sistema Digital Subscriber Line (DSL). Para tal, é apresentado um modelo analítico, capaz de estimar a intensidade do campo elétrico provocado pela linha de transmissão do sistema PLC. Posteriormente, é analisado o impacto que esse campo provoca na linha DSL operando nas proximidades. Este estudo foi feito através da ferramenta de simulação MATLAB. Os resultados mostram que os níveis de radiação provocados pelo sistema PLC poderão provocar perdas na capacidade do canal e erros na transmissão do sistema DSL. Por fim, concluiu-se que a frequência de operação do sistema PLC e o comprimento do acoplamento entre as linhas de transmissão causam maior impacto na perda da capacidade do sistema DSL. Além disso, a variação dos níveis de modulação Quadrature Amplitude Modulation (QAM), não provoca grande efeito para a minimização do impacto da interferência provocada pelo sistema PLC.
The modern society is daily becoming more internetconnected. Such a connection requires an unprecedented amount of energy to operate each piece of equipment that is part of the heterogeneous networks (HetNets). The network infrastructure is highly energy-consuming and producing a considerable amount of CO2. One strategy to minimize such energy consumption is making usage of renewable energy, such as solar and wind. This article aims to present a study of the technical, economic, and environmental feasibility for the installation of photovoltaic harvesting systems in the context of HetNet and backhaul networks. This proposal is based on the use of analytical models to scale the deployment of the photovoltaic systems, considering costs associated with acquisition, operation, maintenance, and adopted the energy matrix of this system. The results indicate sustainable and financial viability with the adoption of photovoltaic systems when compared with the energy source mainly considered in the literature. Also, the results highlight that adopted energy matrix and environmental parameters are essential items, which must be highly considered when the overall mobile network infrastructure is planned.
Expanding broadband services represents a significant challenge for broadband operators, especially in light of the requirements related to the total cost of ownership of these technologies. In the last few years, this expansion has advanced significantly, but it still represents a challenge that must be overcome since there is a need to provide low-cost services to rural communities in remote areas. Issues related to geographical location, the low income of residents, and the lack of public infrastructural facilities lead to a disadvantageous relationship between the potential revenue for operators and the high costs of deploying infrastructure. Although there are several research endeavors in the literature aimed at addressing how connectivity can be provided, they do not discuss systems that take account of the specific features of these regions or that have adapted services and network applications to meet the needs of these communities. Thus, using dimensioning systems for the total cost of network ownership and taking into account capital and network operating expenses, this study establishes a technical and economic framework for the deployment of broadband networks in rural and remote areas. It also applies economic feasibility analysis techniques designed to assist decision making by interpreting the effects of any financial investment made and estimating the expected profits of the broadband operators. We also recommend the use of socioeconomic indicators to predict the potential social impact of this framework on the development of these regions. We employ a case study to demonstrate the operational features of the planned framework. Based on real data obtained from a municipality located in the Brazilian Amazon region, we show that it is possible to reduce the cost of subscribing to broadband services for end-users by reducing deployment costs and thus ensure that access to digital services can be equitably obtained.INDEX TERMS Broadband services, rural and remote areas, total cost of ownership, feasibility analysis.
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