This study studied the effect of combination pretreatment (ionic liquid choline acetate and NaOH) and pretreatment of NaOH in the process of delignification and lignocellulose crystallinity index. This process was carried out to obtain a good lignocellulose biomass, which has a low lignin content and a high crystallinity index to be prepared as a raw material for making bioethanol. Low lignin content and high index of crystallinity can influence the success of the enzymatic hydrolysis process and of course bioethanol production. In the combination of pretreatment, the highest lignin removal was found from process with 5% of NaOH as much as 41.63% but the cristalinity index was found from proces with 3% of NaOH as much as 46.33. While, In the NaOH pretreatment, the highest lignin removal and cristalinity index was found from process with 5% of NaOH as much as 7.63% and 3.87, respectively.

West Coast of Sumatra island has a large amount of iron sand. Research in the Pariaman area and Agam Regency has been carried out, but for the Pasaman area it is not yet available. This research will reveal the iron sand genes found in Kinali Pasaman and find out physical properties such as: Grain size, Magnetization, Specific Gravity and magnetic susceptibility of the samples obtained. The purpose of this study is to provide information and data for the West Pasaman district government to bring in Regional Revenue / PAD (Royalty) as well as one of the solutions for PT Semen Padang in meeting its iron sand needs. The methodology used is to take 5 (five) iron sand samples systematically and represented at several points. The sampling point at the coordinates: 1.S004’46,49 “E99046’6,33”, 2. S005’8,93 “E99046’2,34”, 3.S007’39,40 “E99045’25,60”, 4. S008’20.60 “E99044’55.55”, 5. S008’39.00 “E99044’55.43”. The sample was analyzed for its physical properties at the UNP FT Mining Laboratory. The results of research on the physical properties of iron sand at Kinali Pasaman beach: sample size 0.425mm-0.15mm,% magnetization fraction from size of 0.425mm-0.075mm 20%-40%, specific gravity 2.9-3.5, and susceptibility 497.8-2644, 3 x 10-8m3kg-1 which shows iron sand is superparamagnetic.

The use of technology in the educational process is one of the aspects that influence or help fulfill a quality learning process in an effort to achieve educational goals. If the use of this technology is not carried out, there will be many difficulties encountered in the learning process which are given directly by the teacher. This will affect many aspects, such as the teacher's explanation which is difficult to accept and understand and the lack of concentration of students during the learning process because the media provided is monotonous. This study aims to develop learning media and produce valid, practical, and effective media in the subject of Basic Computers and Networks for class X Computer Engineering and Basic Networks at YAPIM Vocational School. The method used in this study is the Research and Development (R&D) method, with a four-D development model. The results obtained from this study are web-based interactive learning media. Based on the results of the study it was concluded that the developed media was declared valid on the media aspect of 86%, the material aspect with a yield of 96%. The developed media is practical with the practicality value of the teacher's response with a result of 97.92% and the student's response is 88.29%, and the resulting web-based interactive learning media is effectively used with the posttest results seen from the students' classical completeness of 100% and the gain score of 0.50 in the moderate category.

Rapid increasing population of Indonesia poses a future threat to the food supply for the national demand. Furthermore, global climate change is putting a strain on the food supply chain. Droughts, floods, landslides, and pest/disease attacks all have serious consequences for agricultural production, particularly food crops. According to The Economist Intelligence Unit (EIU) data published in 2017, Indonesia ranks second in the world in terms of food loss and waste contribution, chasing only Saudi Arabia. Moreover, according to the Food Sustainability Index in the Economist Intelligence Unit (2017), Indonesian food loss and waste or uneaten totalled 1.3 million tons in a single year. In Indonesia, the most common method of dealing with food waste is dumping or landfilling, which produces methane and other greenhouse gases that contribute to climate change. This research was conducted by employing quick survey for colecting primary data and desk evaluation study for collecting secondary data. Meta analysis was employed in this research. Therefore, to emphasize the importance of reducing food loss and waste in Indonesia to reduce food insecurity caused by climate change, this paper investigates how food loss and waste exacerbates climate change. This paper outlined some scenarios for preventing food loss and waste at all stages of the food chain, including agricultural production, post-harvest handling and storage, distribution and consumption behaviour, and government policy, which can be implemented to begin initiatives to reduce food loss and waste to address the threat of future starvation in Indonesia because of climate change.

Interactive video presentation media is a hybrid of presentation material slides and the teacher's direct interaction in the media via media lectures that are integrated into an application. The purpose of this research is to collect information on the feasibility or validation of digital interactive presentation media geared toward problem solving. The data processed includes both qualitative and quantitative information. To use quantitative descriptive analysis techniques to analyze the research data. Content Validity Index (CVI) is one of the most suitable formulas for testing the content validity of interactive learning media. The media aspect scored 0.93, the material aspect scored 0.95, and the education aspect scored 0.91 based on the validity test results. The test results can be translated as digital interactive learning video media oriented to the problem-solving model, which is very important to develop because it has been tested in terms of media material and testing by education experts.