The synthesis of brush glycopolymers mimicking the architecture of proteoglycans is achieved by grafting sequence‐defined glycooligomers derived from solid‐phase polymer synthesis onto a poly(active ester) scaffold. This approach gives access to a first library of brush glycopolymers with controlled variations in the degree of branching and number of carbohydrate ligands per branch. When studying lectin binding of linear and brush glycopolymers to lectins Concanavalin A (ConA), dendritic cell‐specific intercellular adhesion molecule‐3‐grabbing non‐integrin (DC‐SIGN), and mannose‐binding lectin (MBL), different preferences are observed with MBL showing higher binding to linear glycopolymer and ConA and DC‐SIGN favoring brush glycopolymers. This finding suggests that the architecture of polymeric glycan mimetics affects binding to lectins not only in terms of creating higher avidity but potentially also selectivity ligands.
The glucose oxidase and glucose mediated formation of amphipilic copolymers of N-(ferrocenoylmethyl)acrylamide (NFMA) and N,N-diethylacrylamide (DEA) in aqueous cyclodextrin solution is presented. Thereby, NFMA is not only a comonomer but also part of the redox initiation system. The obtained copolymers contain NFMA units between 1 and 10 mol%. The molecular masses of the copolymers are dependent on the ferrocene content, whereupon molecular weights between 38,000 and 71,000 g mol(-1) are achieved.
reagents and protecting group strategies, solid phase approaches regularly rely on the use of a high excess of building blocks and reagents in every addition step. Repetitive coupling of the same building block achieves full conversion; however, this comes at the cost of excess nonconjugated building blocks which end up in the waste. For example, for the standard Fmoc peptide synthesis of a decamer, amino acids are used in 5-10 equivalents (eq.) per coupling and double couplings are performed, resulting in 40-180 eq. of amino acids that will end up in the solvent waste. While many building blocks for the synthesis of peptides and oligonucleotides are commercially available at low cost, other building blocks are rare or commercially more expensive. Examples of such building blocks include non-natural amino acids, 13 C-and 15 N-labeled amino acids, and glycan donors. [5,[8][9][10][11][12] For building blocks that have to be synthesized prior to SPS, for example, glycosylated building blocks or building blocks that are used in the SPS of synthetic polymers, the use of excess building blocks is a major limitation in terms of cost, time, and labor. [13] Within the last decade, polymer chemists have successfully developed advanced strategies to introduce monomer sequence-control into synthetic polymers giving access to materials with new properties and applications such as drug delivery and data storage. [14][15][16][17] Indeed, several of these strategies rely on the use of solid phase synthesis and the assembly of tailor-made building blocks. [18] For example, Lutz et al. reported a SPS strategy for monodisperse and sequenceencoded poly(alkoxyamine amides) that allow for the storing of information in single polymer chains. [19,20] In the previous work, we have introduced the SPS of glycooligoamides as mimetics of oligosaccharides and their use in antibacterial treatment. [21,22] Although macromolecules synthesized via SPS can be expected to be high value products to enter the market in smaller quantities compared to commodity polymers, finding ways to produce such materials at low cost and with resource efficiency might further strengthen their applicability.Here we present the recovery, purification, and reusability of building blocks used in the solid phase assembly of glycooligoamides. The process relies on simple and well-established methods such as precipitation and recrystallization, and does not require any special equipment or expertise. It can be integrated into a standard peptide synthesizer for automated synthesis and is suitable for chemically different building blocks, as demonstrated here for tailor-made dimer building blocks, Solid phase synthesis (SPS) is well established for the synthesis of biomacro molecules such as peptides, oligonucelotides, and oligosaccharides, and today is also used for the synthesis of synthetic macromolecules and poly mers. The key feature of this approach is the stepwise assembly of building blocks on solid support, enabling monodispersity and monomer sequence control. Howe...
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