Waste paper sludge ash (WPSA) is a byproduct and problematic waste of paper industries. The investigation was driven by the increasing demand for reuse options in paper-recycling industry. This paper present on the morphology and physical analysis studies on polymerization of WPSA mortar. Two (2) types of polymeric mortar mixes containing WPSA with alkaline activators and without alkaline activators were prepared. The morphology of each mixes was determined using Spectra Electron Microscope (SEM) and the physical test is focus on compressive strength. However, the element diffraction of each mixes using Energy Dispersive X-Ray Spectroscopy (EDX) was also carried out as a method to identify the polymerization of polymeric mortar. From the result obtained it is found that the utilization of WPSA reduced the polymerization of polymeric mortar due to more pores. From the EDX analysis it is also revealed that the WPSA polymeric mortar also contained less synthetic aluminous silicate compound. However, the strength gain up to 6MPa and it is comparable with other high calcium material mortar.

Waste paper sludge ash (WPSA) is a byproduct that has potential to replace Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC) as a building material. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of NaOH concentration on the strength of Waste Paper Sludge Ash (WPSA)-based geopolymer mortar. Initially, the WPSA samples were been analyzed using X-ray Fluorescence (XRF) to determine the chemical composition. From the XRF analysis, the by-product WPSA containing higher amount of calcium, silica and alumina. Alkaline solution are from soluble sodium-based used in geopolymerization are combination of Sodium Hydroxide (NaOH) and Sodium Silicate (Na2SiO3). The mortars samples were cast with various concentration of NaOH and ratio of Na2SiO3 /NaOH which is 2.5. The specimens were carried out on size 50x50x50 mm cube and fresh mortar were been cured at 70 ̊c oven temperature and ambient temperature. The compressive strength tests were conducted after aging the specimen at 3, 7, 14, and 28 days. The results revealed that as the concentration of NaOH increased, the compressive strength of geopolymer mortar increases. However, the optimum NaOH concentration of geopolymer mortar is at 12M. More than 12M concentrations of NaOH were produced high porosity and decreasing the strength. Moreover, curing of fresh geopolymer mortar is performed mostly at an oven temperature compared to ambient temperature due to heat being a reaction accelerator. This paper also present on the morphology, and Energy dispersive x-Ray (EDX) composition analysis of WPSA based geopolymer mortar.

The influences of different replacement levels of rice husk ash (RHA) blended cement concrete subjected to 5% Na2SO4 solution via wetting-drying cycles was evaluated in this study. RHA was used as a Portland cement Type I replacement at the levels of 0%, 10%, 20, 30%, and 40% by weight of binder. The water-to-binder ratio was 0.49 to produce concrete having target strength of 40 MPa at 28 days. The performance of RHA blended cement concrete on compressive strength, reduction in strength and loss of weight was monitored for up to 6 months. The results of the compressive strength test have been shown that use of RHA in blended cement has a significant influence on sulfate concentration. When increasing the replacement level of RHA, the strength of concrete also increases in comparison to OPC concrete (except RHA40) even exposed to 5% Na2SO4 solution. On the other hand, the reduction in strength and weight loss of specimens increased with increase in the exposure time. Generally, it can be said that the incorporation of rice husk ash as cement replacement significantly improved the resistance to sulfate penetration of concrete. Finally, RHA cement replacement in concrete mixed provided better resistance to sodium sulfate attack up to 6-month exposure.

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