ABSTRACT. Combining Ability of Waxy Corn InbredABSTRAK. Pemulia tanaman memanfaatkan potensi hibrida antarinbred untuk mempelajari mutu genetik tetua. Uji daya gabung menggunakan analisis diallel memberikan petunjuk potensi efek heterosis suatu hibrida, yang dapat dimanfaatkan pada program pemuliaan. Metode II Griffing dapat digunakan untuk menghitung respon F1, dengan cara menganalisis penampilan tetua dan F1. Penelitian ini menggunakan delapan inbred jagung pulut sebagai tetua dalam persilangan setengah diallel, yang menghasilkan 36 entri termasuk tetua. Desain penelitian adalah rancangan acak kelompok dengan dua ulangan, dua baris (5 m) per petak percobaan. Penelitian dilaksanakan di Gowa, Sulawesi Selatan, dari April sampai Juli 2012. Tujuan penelitian adalah untuk mengetahui nilai korelasi fenotipik, Daya Gabung Umum (DGU), Daya Gabung Khusus (DGK) dan efek heterosis tetua. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan terdapat pengaruh nyata antargenotipe untuk semua peubah, kecuali jumlah biji/baris. Nilai korelasi fenotipik tertinggi terhadap hasil biji diperoleh dari peubah diameter tongkol (r = 0,86). Pengaruh DGU pada karakter hasil tidak nyata untuk semua genotipe, tetapi nyata untuk bobot 1.000 biji, panjang tongkol, dan diameter tongkol. Nilai tertinggi didapatkan dari tetua P8 dengan nilai DGU 38.375 untuk peubah bobot 1.000 biji. Pengaruh DGK nyata untuk hasil biji dan komponen hasil, kecuali jumlah baris/tongkol dan jumlah biji/baris tongkol. Nilai tertinggi DGK diperoleh dari persilangan P1 x P5 dengan nilai 0,532, hasil biji 2,29 t/ha, mid parent heterosis 71%. Hasil biji F1 tertinggi didapatkan dari persilangan P4 x P8 mencapai 2,32 t/ha dengan heterosis 50,9%. Berdasarkan hasil biji dan DGK pasangan P1 x P5 dan P4 x P8) dinilai berpotensial untuk dikembangkan sebagai varietas hibrida jagung pulut.Kata kunci: Jagung pulut, dialel, daya gabung, heterosis.
Cultivation of maize applying integrated crop management approach (ICM) is an attempt to obtain higher productivity and better income for farmers, through an optimum production efficiency. Research was conducted to study the feasibility of the recommended maize production technology by verifying its ABSTRAKBudi daya jagung dengan pendekatan pengelolaan tanaman secara terpadu (PTT) merupakan suatu upaya yang mampu memberikan produktivitas dan pendapatan petani yang optimal karena terjadinya efisiensi produksi. Sehubungan dengan hal ini dilakukan penelitian tentang kelayakan teknologi jagung pada verifikasi komponen teknologi terpilih di lahan sawah tadah hujan yang dapat meningkatkan produksi dan pendapatan petani. Perlakuan yang diverifikasi yaitu komponen teknologi yang diterapkan petani dengan pendekatan PTT, komponen teknologi berdasarkan modifikasi dari komponen dasar PTT: populasi tanaman, cara tanam, penentuan takaran pupuk, dan varietas. Penelitian dilakukan pada dua kabupaten, Kabupaten Pangkep di Desa Mandalle Kecamatan Mandalle Mei-September 2012, dan di Barru di Kelurahan Tanete Kecamatan Tanete Rilau Juli -Oktober 2012, dimana petani berperan aktif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan takaran pupuk 202,5-225 kg N/ ha layak dan efisien digunakan pada lahan sawah tadah hujan untuk meningkatkan pendapatan (NPTK 6,04; NPSP 6,17; R/C 3,39-3,96; BEP lahan 0,19-0,27 ha dan MBCR 8,25-8,28). Cara tanam biasa 75 cm x 20 cm dan legowo (100-50) cm x 20 cm memberikan hasil dan keuntungan yang relatif sama, masing-masing di Pangkep NPTK 8,90 dan 8,60; NPSP 6,85 dan 6,81; R/C 3,86 dan 3,80; BEP lahan sama 0,20 ha. Sedang di Barru NPTK 6,05 dan 5,98; NPSP 6,15 dan 6,14; R/C 3,21 dan 3,19; dan BEP lahan sama 0,29 ha. Varietas Bima-3 Bantimurung memperoleh hasil dan keuntungan yang lebih tinggi dari Bisi-2. Hasil tertinggi Bima-3 Bantimurung adalah 12,07 t/ha keuntungan Rp 22.457.625/ha dengan NPTK 8,99; NPSP 7,03; R/C ratio 3,91 dan BEP lahan 0,20 ha. Demikian pula nilai MBCR > 1, di Pangkep 8,31 dan di Barru 7,50. Untuk ratio biaya/kg biji pada Bima-3 Bantimurung lebih rendah sekitar Rp 640-750/kg biji. Berdasarkan hasil verifikasi teknologi jagung ini maka komponen pemupukan, cara tanam, dan varietas unggul yang memberikan hasil yang lebih tinggi dan pendapatan yang lebih besar sangat layak diterapkan pada lahan sawah tadah hujan.Kata kunci: kelayakan teknologi, pendapatan, jagung, sawah tadah hujan.
Maize stover is difficult to decompose naturally, therefore special treatment is needed to accelerate the decomposition process. Research was aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of decomposer bacteria for maize stover to be used as organic fertilizer. The research was conducted in South Sulawesi Indonesia from June to Desember 2013, consisted of collecting soil samples taken from the bacterial natural habitats ie: maize planting site, soil under the heap of stalk and maize cob, soil under the heap of rice straw and husk, and soil under the heap of sorghum stalk. The soil samples were brought to the Pest and Diseases Laboratory for the isolation of bacteria. A total of 119 isolates were collected, and were screened under 50o C temperature, where 29 isolates were found as decomposer bacteria. The 29 isolates were tested in vitro using stalk plus leaf of maize, and 16 strains were found as effective bacteria. The green houses experiment tested 16 strains for effectiveness using 0.5 kg of stalk plus leaf of maize. There were 6 strains of effective decomposer bacteria, which were more effective compared to the commercial EM4 bacteria as control.
One alternative to accelerate the decomposition of lignin or cellulose organic matter is to use microorganisms. To ensure the viability and effectiveness of the decomposer microorganisms a suitable carrier material is required. The objective of this study were to obtain a combination of microorganisms isolates (bacteria and fungi) in accordance with the formulation of the carrier in supporting their viability and effectiveness to decompost of maize biomass. The experiment was carried out on February to November 2016. The treatment consisted of two factors, namely the carrier and microorganism. The tested of cerrier are: (1) water immersion of rice and zeolite, (2) soymilk and soaked water, (3) clay of soil and cassava fermentation, and (4) sago and compost. The microorganisms used were two isolates of bacteria and fungi, ie: (1) combination of E7.7 bacteria and P7 fungi and (2) bacteria combination B7.1 and fungus O5. The results showed that the combination of isolates E7.7 + P7 and B7.1 + O5 up to 28 weeks' storage were relatively superior than Promi and EM4. At 28 weeks storage, population of bacterial E7.7 + P7 is 2,1-2,75 x 10 9 cfu/g and fungus 0,30-0,48 x 10 9 cfu/g. Isolate B7.1 + O5 had bacterial 1,38-2,5 x 10 9 cfu/g and fungus 0,2-0,3 x 10 9 cfu/g. While Promi and EM4 had bacterial were about 0.1-1.5 x 10 9 cfu/g and fungus 0.1 x 10 9 cfu/g. Both of these isolate to decomposition of maize biomass had lower C/N and water content, and higher P and K content than EM4. Therefore, both of the combination of bacteria and fungi are worthy as biodecomposer for the making of compost fertilizer. To maintain viability and effectiveness of microbe E7.7 + P7 was a better to use sago + compost, while for the combination of B7.1 + O5 can using sago + compost and alternative is water immersion of rice + zeolit carrier material. The results of identification based on 16S rRNA sequence showed that isolates B7.1 and E7.7, respectively were Bacillus cereus strain ATCC14579 and Brevundimonas diminuta strain NBRC12967. While isolates of fungus O5 and P7 respectively were are Aspergillus fumigatus strains KARVSO4, and A. fumigatus strains DAOM-21534-28S.
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