Purpose The purpose of this study is to investigate how smart tourism technologies and memorable tourism experiences affect tourist satisfaction and tourist destination loyalty. Design/methodology/approach A total of 600 questionnaires were distributed, 360 were returned (60% response rate) and a covariance-based structural equation modeling technique was used to test the hypotheses. Findings The results of this study explain that smart tourism technologies and memorable tourism experiences play essential roles in enhancing tourist satisfaction and tourist destination loyalty. Practical implications This study specifies that tourists have pleasant memories and are satisfied at a tourist destination; as a result, they are more likely to revisit and recommend a tourist destination to their friends, family and other tourists. If a tourist has a negative experience with smart city info-structure facilities, a tourist might reach an overall conclusion to not revisit or recommend the location to other tourists. Originality/value This study provides empirical evidence to support the importance of smart tourism technologies and memorable tourism experiences in enhancing tourist satisfaction and tourist destination loyalty.

Desiccation survival times of adult mosquitoes were studied for yellow fever mosquito, Aedes aegypti (L.) (6 strains), Asian tiger mosquito, Ae. albopictus (Skuse) (5 strains), and Ae. paullusi Stone & Farmer (1 strain) colonized from South Sulawesi, Indonesia. At both 90 and 70% RH, Ae. aegypti males and females outlived the other species. The forest species Ae. paullusi was least resistant to desiccation. Strains of Ae. aegypti and Ae. albopictus from urban areas were more resistant to desiccation than conspecific strains from rural villages. When water was accessible, Ae. albopictus females outlived Ae. aegypti females, indicating that death from deprivation of water was not a result of energy depletion. Ae. aegypti was largest in body size, followed by Ae. albopictus and Ae. paullusi. Among strains within species, the relationship between body size and survival time was significant only for Ae. aegypti females at 70% RH. Adult desiccation resistance may be a factor that influences distribution and abundance of Aedes (Stegomyia) species.

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The infective third-stage larvae of the hookworms Necator americanus and Ancylostoma duodenale infect their human hosts by active skin invasion, but A. duodenale is in addition capable of oral infection. The behaviour of the larvae when crawling on surfaces has already been described. Here we analyse in various in vitro systems the other behavioural invasion phases: activation, penetration, and orientation within the host. The larvae normally remained in a motionless, energy-saving, resting posture. An activation to sinusoidal locomotion was stimulated in both species by similar cues such as touch, vibration, water currents, heat, light, and chemicals. Human breath in addition stimulated searching and waving ("nictating") behaviour, which facilitates a change-over to the host. Activating cues in air streams were warmth and moisture; CO2 activated only in combination with warmth and/or moisture. Penetration behaviour in both species was stimulated by warmth and skin extracts. The stimulating components of skin extracts were fatty acids, but their stimulating characteristics differed from those inducing schistosome cercarial skin penetration. After penetration into agar substrates, both species showed thermo-orientation, but only A. duodenale followed gradients of serum. The directing serum cues were not amino acids and glucose (the supposed cues for schistosome blood vessel localization), but Ringer's solution attracted the larvae. The host-finding and host-invasion behaviour of both hookworm species is well adapted to the invasion of the human skin, and there seems to be no particular adaptation of A. duodenale behaviour to the oral infection mode. Hookworm host-finding behaviour is not as complex as that of schistosome cercariae but seems well adapted to the ecological conditions in the transmission sites.

Leksana, B.; Masbar, S.; Wiady, I.; Sismadi, P.; Susanti, A. I.; Nagesha, H. S.; Eijkman Institute for Molecular Biology; Atmosoedjono, S.; Bangs, M. J.; and Baird, J. Kevin, "The drug sensitivity and transmission dynamics of human malaria on Nias Island, North Sumatra, Indonesia" (2002). Public Health Resources. 421.