Background: Dental caries is the most common chronic childhood disease with serious implications for individual and public health. Obesity is the most common nutritional problem in children and caries are associated with a large number of negative health outcomes. Dental caries in children is reported to affects their anthropometric outcomes, but the evidence is conflicting. Objectives: Based on the differences in the findings of the studies and the possible role of obesity in the pathogenesis of dental caries, the current study aimed to investigate the relationship between body mass index (BMI) and dental caries among children aged three to six years. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 400 children aged three to six years were selected through cluster sampling from Yazd kindergartens, Iran. Weight and height were measured using scale and tape measure, while decayed, missing, and filled teeth (DMFT) was recorded through intraoral examination using mirror, probe and flashlight. Then the relationship between calculated growth indices z-score (evaluated by world health organization (WHO) Anthro and WHO AnthroPlus software) and DMFT was considered. The results were analysed using SPSS ver. 20 and Kruskal-Wallis, Spearman correlation coefficient and Pearson tests. Results: An inverse correlation was found between BMI z-score and DMFT (P = 0.006, r = -0.14). Assessment of the effect of demographic variables showed significant relationship in boys (P = 0.01) and children under five years (P = 0.04).Conclusions: It appears that children with a high BMI z-score had lower DMFT and that there is a negative correlation between obesity and tooth decay.

Objective: Finishing and polishing (F/P) of composites is a fundamental step influencing the clinical service of restorations. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of different F/P systems on surface roughness, gloss, and polish retention of composite resins. Materials and Methods: One-hundred and five disc-shaped specimens (4×4 mm) were made from nanofilled, microhybrid, and microfilled composites (n=35). The specimens were divided into five subgroups (n=7) for F/P with Sof-Lex (4-step), Shofu (4-step), Cosmedent (3-step), Diacomp Composite-Pro (2-step), and Opti1Step systems. The surface roughness values (Ra and Rz) were measured before and after pH-cycling and simulated toothbrushing. Surface topography was assessed by using a scanning electron microscope (SEM) at three magnifications. For assessment of surface gloss, 45 rectangular specimens (10×8×2 mm) were fabricated from three composites (n=15) and randomly allocated to five subgroups (n=3). Surface gloss was measured before and after aging. The mean values were calculated and analyzed by two-way ANOVA, Tukey, and t-test. Level of significance was set at 0.05.  Results:  The composite type had no significant effect on surface roughness (P>0.05); however, the type of F/P system significantly affected it (P<0.05). The pH-cycling and simulated toothbrushing had no significant effect on gloss or polish retention of the three composites (P>0.05). Conclusion: Type of F/P system had a greater effect on surface roughness and gloss of composite resins than the type of composite.