It is well established that access to preventative care, such as breast or cervical cancer screening, can reduce morbidity and mortality. Certain groups may be missed out of these healthcare services, such as women with disabilities, as they face many access barriers due to underlying inequalities and negative attitudes. However, the data have not been reviewed on whether women with disabilities face inequalities in the uptake of these services. A systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted to compare the uptake of breast and cervical cancer screening in women with and without disabilities. A search was conducted in July 2021 across four databases: PubMed, MEDLINE, Global Health, and CINAHL. Quantitative studies comparing the uptake of breast or cervical cancer screening between women with and without disabilities were eligible. Twenty-nine studies were included, all from high-income settings. One third of the 29 studies (34.5%, n = 10) were deemed to have a high risk of bias, and the remainder a low risk of bias. The pooled estimates showed that women with disabilities have 0.78 (95% CI: 0.72–0.84) lower odds of attending breast cancer screening and have 0.63 (95% CI: 0.45–0.88) lower odds of attending cervical cancer screening, compared to women without disabilities. In conclusion, women with disabilities face disparities in receipt of preventative cancer care. There is consequently an urgent need to evaluate and improve the inclusivity of cancer screening programs and thereby prevent avoidable morbidity and mortality.

The COVID-19 pandemic is still ongoing, and new variants continue to emerge. Various examination methods and sampling specimens are continuously being developed and published. The standard for sampling is in the nasopharynx. However, in children, this is often uncomfortable and at risk of eliciting complications. Therefore, it is necessary to look for other alternative sampling sites such as fluid from the middle ear. Scientific evidence shows that the middle ear can be a place for the attachment and growth of the SARS-CoV-2 virus. Currently, to the best of the author's knowledge, there have been no publications on middle ear discharge as a sample for the determination of the diagnosis of COVID-19. Based on this, the authors would like to explore the possibility of middle ear discharge for COVID-19 test material. A narrative review on the use of middle ear discharge as a potential diagnostic specimen for COVID-19 was conducted. The searches were conducted in the PubMed and ProQuest databases.

Background: Diabetes is clinically known to cause prolongation to bone fracture healing. This research aims to find the effect of cinnamon in the process of bone remodeling, and changes in the activity of osteoblast cells in diabetic bone after giving cinnamon as a supplement in diabetic rats. Method: The design employed was experimental with randomized post-test group design research. A total of 24 Wistar Rats was randomly divided into four groups, which consist of normal without treatment, normal with treatment, diabetic without treatment and diabetic with treatment. Treatment of 300 mg/kg cinnamon extract was given perorally. Upon euthanizing the samples, femur samples were taken and processed to histopathological slides. All slides were analyzed under light microscopes to find the osteoblast cells. The Kruskal-Wallis method was used to test the results; due to the population of sample was not normally distributed. Results: The osteoblast cells found were scored in mean ranks. The normal group mean rank 12.25, normal with treatment group 12.17, diabetic without treatment group 8.58, and diabetic with treatment group 17.00. Asymptotic significance was 0.195. Conclusion: This research concludes that there is no significant increase in osteoblast activity in diabetic Wistar rats after the administration of 300 mg/kg cinnamon extract.

Health literacy is an important determinant in individual health and public health. However, evidence suggests that there are still disparities in health literacy levels between different socio-economic and education backgrounds. This study aims to look at level of education as a predictor for achieving a certain health literacy level. This study used a crosssectional design. The study was conducted in Ngempit Village, in the district of Pasuruan, East Java. The participants were registered patients at the Ngempit Community Health Centre (PUSKESMAS). Data were collected through interviews and surveys utilising a translated and adapted version of Health Literacy Survey Europe with ten short questions (HLS-EU-SQ10-IDN). Spearman's correlation was used to see the correlation between variables and a causal model logistic regression was built to estimate the association of education on health literacy after controlling for confounders. A total of 60 participants were included in the study. Having only achieved primary education is associated with 5 times the odds (95% CI: 0.31 -92.2, p:0.253) of problematic or inadequate health literacy levels compared to participants achieving at least high-school education.

Tuberculosis (TB) remains a global health problem, and in the South-East Asia Region, 15% are extra-pulmonary TB (EPTB). The occurrence of EPTB in the upper airway, tonsil and the parotid gland is a rare finding. Moreover, EPTB in these regions would present mimicking symptoms as common ENT cases. The authors found three cases of EPTB at the department of ENT-Otolaryngology, West Nusa Tenggara General Hospital. Patients presented with non TB specific symptoms, with no indications of being immunocompromised. However, after further examinations, the authors concluded the findings of EPTB.