This study aims to determine the urgency of using legal analysis instruments in the formation of government policies within the Cabinet Secretariat Republic of Indonesia. This research was analyzed by using a qualitative analysis method that uses a comparative approach. The results showed that the use of legal analysis instruments in the formation of government policies within the cabinet secretariat is very important given the strategic role of the cabbage secretariat as an institution whose function is to provide approval to the Minister of State Secretary for requests for permission to draft legislation and on the substance of the draft regulations legislation. Keywords: Legal Analysis, Policy, Cabinet Secretariat, Over Regulation .Abstrak Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui urgensi penggunaan instrumen analisis hukum dalam pembentukan kebijakan pemerintah di lingkungan Sekretariat Kabinet. Penelitian ini dianalisis dengan menggunakan metode analisis kualitatif yang menggunakan pendekatan perbandingan konsep (comparative approach). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penggunaan instrumen analisis hukum dalam pembentukan kebijakan pemerintah di lingkungan sekretariat kabinet sangat penting dilakukan mengingat peran strategis sekretariat kabinet sebagai lembaga yang berfungsi untuk memberikan persetujuan kepada Menteri Sekretaris Negara atas permohonan izin prakarsa penyusunan rancangan peraturan perundang-undangan dan atas substansi rancangan peraturan perundang-undangan. Kata Kunci: Analisis Hukum, Kebijakan, Sekretariat Kabinet, Over Regulasi

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AbstrakPencegahan diabetes melitus tipe 2 (DMT2) dapat dilakukan dengan memperbanyak latihan fisik. Latihan kontinu intensitas sedang (LKIS) dan latihan interval intensitas tinggi (LIIT) diketahui dapat meningkatkan kontrol glukosa pada orang dengan resistensi insulin/DMT2. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah membandingkan efek LIIT dan LKIS pada orang sehat terhadap kontrol glukosa darah, yaitu glukosa darah puasa (GDP) dan tes toleransi glukosa oral (TTGO). usia (20,07±0,62), IMT (23,94±3,59) kg/m 2 berpartisipasi dalam kelompok LKIS, LIIT, atau kontrol. Latihan Ergocycle dilakukan 3 sesi/minggu selama 4 minggu; LKIS dengan total durasi 46 menit/sesi (intensitas sedang 50-60% denyut jantung cadangan [HRR] selama 40 menit); LIIT dengan total durasi 24 menit/ sesi (6 siklus; 2 menit intensitas tinggi 80-90% HRR + 1 menit intensitas sedang 50-60% HRR). Kontrol tidak mendapat intervensi latihan. GDP dan TTGO (120' setelah beban glukosa) diperiksa 3 hari sebelum dan setelah program latihan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan GDP menurun pada semua kelompok, tetapi hanya LKIS yang menunjukkan penurunan signifikan (p=0,048). TTGO ditemukan tidak berubah di semua kelompok (p>0,05). LKIS memiliki potensi untuk meningkatkan kontrol glukosa darah pada subjek dewasa muda. Penelitian lanjutan dengan modifikasi dosis latihan diperlukan untuk mengetahui efek LIIT lebih lanjut. [MKB. 2016;48(4):194-9] Kata kunci: kontrol glukosa darah, latihan interval intensitas tinggi, latihan kontinu intensitas sedang Comparison of Moderate Intensity Continuous Training and High Intensity Interval Training on Blood Glucose Control AbstractType 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) can be prevented by intensive physical exercise/training. Moderate intensity continuous training (MICT) and high intensity interval training (HIIT) are known to improve glucose control in people with insulin resistance and T2DM. The purpose of this study was to compare the effects of MICT and HIIT in healthy people on blood glucose levels, which was measured through fasting blood glucose (FBG) and oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT). Healthy men (n=27), aged (20.07 ± 0.62), BMI (23.94 ± 3.59) kg/m2 participated in either MICT, HIIT, or Control group (n=9 each group). Ergocycle exercise were performed 3 times/week for 4 weeks; MICT with a total duration of 46 minutes/session (moderate intensity 50-60% heart rate reserve [HRR]) for 40 minutes); HIIT with a total duration of 24 minutes/session (6 cycles; 2 mins high intensity 80-90% HRR + 1 min moderate intensity 50-60% HRR). Controls did not receive any programmed training. FBG and OGTT (120' after glucose load) were checked 3 days before and after the exercise program. This study found that FBG decreased in all groups but only the MICT group showed a significant reduction (p=0.048). OGTT was found unaltered in all groups (p>0.05). MICT has the potential to improve blood glucose control in healthy young adult subjects. However, further research with exercise dose modification is required to elucidate the effects of HIIT. [MKB. 2016;48(...

Introduction: The prevalence of type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) in Indonesia is increasing and is known to cause several complications related to the patient’s glycemic control. A chronic hyperglycemic state will lead to microvascular injury of the brain resulting in cognitive impairment as one of the complications of T2DM. Therefore, our present study observed the correlation between glycemic control and cognitive impairment in patients with T2DM.Methods: This was an observational study with a cross-sectional design of T2DM patients in endocrine outpatient clinics of Dr. Soetomo General Academic Hospital from October 2020 to March 2021. The subjects were recruited consecutively then categorized into groups with controlled (HbA1c < 7%) and uncontrolled (HbA1c ≥ 7%) blood glucose. The cognitive function was evaluated using the AD8 informant-based questionnaire.Results: A total of 43 adult T2DM patients aged < 65 years were recruited. The incidence of cognitive impairment was not significantly different (p=0.127) between controlled and uncontrolled blood glucose groups. However, HbA1c levels were positively and significantly correlated with AD8 scores (p=0.031, R=0.330). Moreover, the duration of T2DM was found to significantly affect cognitive abnormalities in these patients. (p=0.021).Conclusion: Poor glycemic control in T2DM patients increased the risk of developing reduced cognitive function.

Introduction: Thyroid disease is the world's second most frequent endocrine condition after diabetes. Nearly 300 million individuals worldwide are affected. Moreover, approximately 60% of people with thyroid disease are completely unaware of their medical condition. Thyroid disease might have been an underlying disease leading to death, even if it's not the primary cause of death. Methods: This type of research is descriptive research with a retrospective study design using secondary data from medical records of patients with thyroid disease at the Endocrine Clinic, Dr. Soetomo General Academic Hospital from January 2019 -December 2020. Results: Among 897 cases, thyroid disease was found to be more prevalent in females (79.2%). It was also discovered that most sufferers (22.4%) were between 50 and 59 years old. In hyperthyroidism, the highest prevalence was found in thyrotoxicosis, unspecified (ICD E05.9) (75.3%). The most common type of hypothyroidism was found in hypothyroidism, unspecified (ICD E03.9) (90.8%). The most common euthyroidism was malignant neoplasm of thyroid gland (ICD C73) (52.3%). It also showed in thyroiditis that the highest prevalence was found in thyroiditis, unspecified (E06.9) (75%). Conclusion: The prevalence of thyroid disorders is more significant in females and the 50-59 age group. Thyrotoxicosis, unspecified (ICD E05.9), hypothyroidism, unspecified (ICD E03.9), Malignant neoplasm of thyroid gland (ICD C73), and Thyroiditis, unspecified (ICD E06.9) were the most common thyroid diseases.