Teacher-student politeness has been well-explored over the years, but mostly in direct or face-to-face communication. This study aims to fill the gap of politeness between students and educators in online learning, specifically in the sessions of one of the staple and most used educational platforms during the Covid-19 pandemic, namely Google Classroom. This study applies qualitative research method by describing the phenomenon of the language. This study observed the interaction of 36 English Literature Department students during their Google Classroom sessions from April to July 2021. The researchers analysed the students’ interaction with their lecturer according to Brown and Levinson’s politeness theory.  Five politeness strategies were identified, namely the positive politeness strategies (i.e., greeting, gratitude and address term), negative politeness (i.e., apology) and vernacular language. The gratitude and address term expression conveyed by “Thank you, Mam” is dominantly used by students to minimize threat when giving comments for every instruction created by lecturer. Results of this study showed that the students use politeness strategies to ensure the effectiveness of online learning, yet they also limit their text-based interaction with the short expressions of politeness such as “Hi, mam” or “Yes, mam”. This finding contributes to shedding light on the aspect of politeness in online interaction in Google Classroom and directs future studies to explore politeness in other contexts.

Incorporation in the Toba Bataknese language occurs due to changes of verb position which results in deletion of verb. The theory used to analyze this incorporation of verb deletion is one presented by Fillmore (1988) referring to Jehane's. Meanwhile, the method used in this study is based on Labov's. According to Labov, the data of linguistic research are obtained from text, elicitation, intuition, experiment, and observation. Von Humboldt states that the term incorporation is the unification of lexical morphemes and words. The result of this analysis indicates that the incorporation in Toba Bataknese occurs typologically rather than polysynthetically. The forms or types of incorporation in this language are apparently quite broad, varied and applied clearly without changing the meaning of each incorporation. One of the incorporation forms or types results in incorporation with verb deletion. The kinds of incorporation with verb deletion based on the cases are objective, instrumental, locative, translative, and state incorporations. The incorporation process of verb deletion happens because the incorporating case changes its function. The case is verbalized by verb affix, and then the incorporation process causes changes in syntactic valence and construction.

The Community service entitled “Praktik Bahasa Inggris menjadi Tour Guide di Desa Lumban Pea Timur, Kecamatan Balige Kabupaten Toba” is faced to serve the people especially Karang Taruna, the young community of the village. This community service was conducted on 8-11 June 2022. It exercises the Karang Taruna community to speak English in order to increase their ability in English as the young generation who lives in tourist destination. It is hoped to increase the economy by improving their quality in guiding tourism from local, national and international tourists. By using discussion, sharing ideas and practice English, the young people or Karang Taruna are trained to be good tour guides.

This study is a mixed method approach that combines quantitative and qualitative analysis to complement each other. The purpose of the study is to analyze and explain how appraisal system can be described in terms of attitude in the text of Jokowi’s presidential speech. The data of the research is a transcription of President JW’s speech text in 2015. The text document was collected in 2015. In this research, the Appraisal Theory (Martin and White, 2005) is carried out and focus on the analysis of the Attitude element. Further, this prioritizes the discussion of the choice of attitudes that are utilized in the speech. Results showed that the appraisal system in terms of attitude in the text of Jokowi’s presidential speech in 2015 shows that there are 138 attitudes in the speech text. There are 92 positive items and 46 negative items. All kinds of attitudes are spread almost evenly; Affect, Judgment, and Appreciation. This means President JW dares to express his evaluation not only through judgments and appreciations which were disseminated in the text but also expresses his own feelings proved by the affect. The most dominant attitude system portrayed in JW’s speech text in 2015 is propriety [+] and valuation [+].