Context:The orthodontic treatment in adult for the treatment of malocclusion is becoming more common. However, the disadvantages of conventional orthodontics are the time consumed for the treatment (18–24 months), root resorption, and formation of fenestrations and dehiscence. Periodontally accelerated osteogenic orthodontics (PAOO) is a surgical technique resulting in increased alveolar bone width, shorter treatment time, increase posttreatment stability, and decrease amount of apical root resorption.Aim:The aim of the study is to compare the treatment time, root resorption, bone density, and presence/absence of fenestrations and dehiscence after PAOO with surgical bur and PAOO with piezocision.Materials and Methods:Forty participants with bimaxillary protrusion undergoing orthodontic treatment were randomly selected and divided into two groups. Group I: 20 participants selected for PAOO with surgical bur and Group II: 20 participants selected for PAOO with piezocision. Patients were recalled at baseline 3, 6, 9, and 12 months and evaluated for treatment time and bone density, root resorption, and detection of fenestration and dehiscence using cone-beam computerized tomography (CBCT).Results:Participants in Group I had less treatment time compared to Group II. Rate of retraction was 7.07 mm/20.81 weeks and 5.99 mm/28.48 weeks in Group I and Group II, respectively. CBCT showed a statistically significant increase in bone density in both groups, 12 months after the surgery. Root resorption was negligible in Group I (0.34 mm) and in Group II (0.51 mm). CBCT revealed increase in thickness of alveolar bone and coverage of fenestrations and dehiscence.Conclusion:PAOO provides an efficient and stable orthodontic tooth movement.

Objective The aim of this study is to test the hypothesis that there is no difference in hyoid bone position among individuals with different growth patterns before and after treatment. Materials and Methods Pre- and post-treatment lateral cephalogram of forty Class I adults in the age group of 20–27 years were grouped. All the cases were treated with the first premolar extraction in all quadrants. Based on the growth pattern of the face, individuals were divided into: (1) Group 1 (n = 20): Normodivergent, i.e., FH/MP angle smaller than 30.5° (20 patients). (2) Group 2 (n = 20): Hyperdivergent, i.e., FH/MP angle larger than 30.5° (20 patients). Lateral cephalograms were traced and analyzed manually for evaluation of hyoid bone position. Patients in both groups were treated with preadjusted appliances. Pre- and post-treatment lateral cephalograms were traced, and variables were compared using paired t-test, and the relationship between dentofacial variables, growth pattern, and the hyoid bone position was analyzed using Karl Pearson’s correlation coefficient method. The changes of hyoid position after treatment were compared using t-test. Results The data were analyzed by Kolmogorov–Smirnov and paired t-test. Karl Pearson’s correlation coefficient test was performed to determine whether there was an association between the changes of hyoid and growth pattern. Following retraction of incisors, statistically significant correlation was observed in the pre- and post-treatment values of dentofacial structures and hyoid bone, but no significant correlation was found in position of the hyoid bone in the normodivergent and hyperdivergent groups. In both the groups, hyoid bone moved in an inferior and posterior direction after orthodontic treatment. Conclusion No change was seen in position of the hyoid bone in normodivergent and hyperdivergent groups.

Reduced size dual band patch antenna is designed on pulp fibers‐based substrate, obtained from a self‐growing plant, Typha angustifolia. The proposed design is low cost and has <10 dB return loss at 2.4 and 5.7 GHz, with 6.9 dBi antenna gain and also has potential for conformal designs. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 58:2146–2148, 2016

A psychological contract comprises of a personal viewpoint about mutual commitments in employment relationships. Unlike a traditional service contract, the psychological contract remains unspoken in the employment relationship between employer and the employees. Employees anticipate, for example, working in a secure and clean environment; to work with qualified and regimented co-workers and to be appreciated for their good work, free from harassment etc. Employers, on the contrary, expect staff to be careful and dedicated; to be trustworthy; and to maintain or enhance the organizational image etc. This shady nature and often conflicting nature of psychological contract can often harm the health of employment relationship. This paper explores the nature of psychological contracts and their significance within the domain of employment relationships. The paper first reviews the general theory of psychological contract, its types and factors governing them. Next, a theoretical examining the research contributions of scholars who have contributed to the literature is being carried out. Finally, the paper thoroughly and critically analyzes the effects of breach or non-conformity of psychological contracts. Psychological contract plays a key role in manipulating workers job related commitment. It must be highlighted that effective observation, agreement and execution of psychological contracts could add to increased levels of workers commitment. Considering the literature studied, it becomes extremely important for the management to be responsive of, and to some degree control, the psychological contracts that the employees may hold. Offering the aggrieved employees a practical psychological contract diminishes the probability that the workforce will see the agreement as void. Increased levels of work independence is also found to reduce incidents of psychological contract breaches.

Introduction:The use of orthodontic treatment in adult patients for the treatment of malocclusion is becoming more common. But the major disadvantages of conventional orthodontic technique are the time consumed for the treatment (18 -24 months), root resorption and formation of fenestrations and dehiscence. Periodontally Accelerated Osteogenic Orthodontics (PAOO) is a surgical technique which results in an increase in alveolar bone width, shorter treatment time, increase post-treatment stability, and decrease in the amount of apical root resorption. Objectives: The objective of the study was to evaluate the effect of Periodontally Accelerated osteogenic Orthodontics (PAOO) with surgical bur and piezicision on: Duration of orthodontic space closure, amount of root resorption, and the bone density. Materials and Methods: Forty subjects who needed orthodontic treatment were randomly selected and divided into two groups. Group I consists of 20 subjects who were selected for Periodontally Accelerated Osteogenic Orthodontics (PAOO) with surgical bur Group II: consists of 20 subjects who were selected for Periodontally Accelerated Osteogenic Orthodontics (PAOO) with peizocision. Patients were recalled at baseline, 3, 6, 9 and 12 months and were evaluated for amount of retraction, bone density, root resorption and detection of fenestration and dehiscence. Cone Beam Computerised Tomography (CBCT) was used to evaluate the bone density, root resorption and for the detection of fenestration and dehiscence. Results: In subjects where corticotomy was carried out with surgical bur the treatment time was less as compared to PAOO with peizocision. Group I had a mean retraction of 5.99 ± 0.5 mm after 3 months (p<0.001). Group II had a mean retraction of 7.07 ± 0.35 mm (p<0.001) after 3 months. CBCT showed a statistically significant increase in bone density in the both PAOO group with surgical bur and peizocision 12 months after the surgery. Root resorption was negligible in Periodontally Accelerated Osteogenic Orthodontic (PAOO) with surgical bur (0.34mm) as compared to PAOO with peizocision (0.51mm). Conclusion: PAOO with surgical bur (Group I) decreases the treatment time as compared to piezocision (Group II). Amount of root resorption in Group I which was around 0.34 mm and that of Group II was around 0.51mm which is very minimal and increase in the bone density was seen in the post-operative CBCT.