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Background Natural feed additives play an important role in poultry production due to their safety and potential properties as an antioxidant and antimicrobial, as well as a growth stimulant. The present research was designed to assess the influence of dietary supplementation of either garlic, lemon essential oil, or their mixture on performance, nutrient digestibility, plasma constituents, immunity, and oxidative status, as well as intestinal development assessed by microbiota—histomorphology development in broilers under environmental heat stress. Methods A total of 480 broiler chicks (Ross 308) at one-day-old were randomly divided into four groups (120 chicks/ group). The control group received the basal diet (CON), while the other three groups received the basal diet supplemented with 200 mg/kg garlic essential oil (GEO), 200 mg/kg lemon essential oil (LEO), and their mixture (GLO) 200 mg/kg diet, respectively for 35 days. Results The obtained results revealed that broilers fed essential oils as a mixture or individually had an improvement in average body weight, feed conversion ratio, carcass dressing, and an increase in digestive enzymes activities compared to the control group, furthermore, there was a reduction in the mortality rate and abdominal fat content. Adding essential oils as a mixture or individually led to a decrease in (P < 0.05) blood plasma triglycerides, cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein, and an increase in high-density lipoprotein. Broilers fed diets supplemented with essential oils as a mixture or individually had higher values of superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase; while plasma malondialdehyde was lower (P < 0.05) compared to the control diet. Moreover, there was a significant enhancement in intestinal microbial content, and intestinal histological status of chickens fed with essential oils. Conclusions Conclusively, including the mixture of essential oils improved performance, nutrient digestibility, and digestive enzymes activities. It also enhanced immunity, antioxidant state, and lipid profile, and gut microbiota— histomorphology in broilers. It was proposed that the broilers diet be supplemented with a mixture of essential oils to a mitigation of the effects of heat stress.

Twenty V-line male rabbits, ten months age and 80 multiparous does aged 12 months were used for the present study. Three experiments were carried out. First experiment was planned to use honey bee as a component in sperm preservation extender at incubation (37°C) for up to 6 hours or refrigeration condition (4-6°C) for up to 72 hours. Second experiment was done to study effect of different levels of honey bee on total bacterial count, enterobacteriaceas count, Staph. aureus. Third experiment was designed for studying fertility traits for does artificially inseminated by diluted pooled semen with antibiotics (control) and the best level of honey bees.Results showed that diluted V-line rabbits semen with 1, 3, or 5 ml honey bee/100ml extender improved significantly (P≤0.05) semen quality increased in percentages of advanced sperm motility and decreased percentages of dead spermatozoa, sperm abnormalities and acrosomal damages during cryopreservation at (4-6°C) for up to 72 hours or incubation at 37°C for up to 6 hours.Addition of different levels of honey bee to rabbits semen extender resulted in a gradually and significantly decrease (P≤0.05) in overall mean of MAD concentration. Total anti-oxidant enzymes activity of rabbit semen extender was increased by increasing honey bee level and this effect was significant (P≤0.05), regardless the incubation or storage time. Moreover, the results revealed that the highest honey bee levels had the highest total anti-oxidant capacity value, which was significant (P≤0.05) compared to the other levels. Honey bee at different concentrations, generally, had a broad action against total bacterial count of V-line rabbit semen, during chilled storage at 4-6°C or incubation at 37°C. Manuka honey and its antimicrobial potential against multi drug resistant strains of Typhoidal salmonellae, Ph.D. Thesis, Department of Microbiology, University of Health Science, Lahore, Pakistan. Hassan, M.I.; G.M. Mabrouk; H.H. Shehata and M.M. Aboelhussein (2010). Antineoplastic effects of bee honey and Nigella sativa on hepatocellular carcinoma cells. Integr. Cancer Ther., 10.1177/ 1534735410387422 . Januskauskas, A. and H. Zillinskas (2002). Bull semen evaluation post-thaw and relation of semen characteristics to bull's fertility. Veterinari Jair Zootechnika, 17: 1392-2130. Kacániová, M.; N. Vuković; R. Chlebo; P. Haščík; K. Rovná; J. Cubon; M. Dżugan and A. Pasternakiewicz (2012). The antimicrobial activity of honey, bee pollen loads and bees wax from Slovakia. Arch. Biol. Sci., Belgrade, 64: 927-934. Kankofer, M.; G. Kolm; J. Auric h and C. Auric h (2005). Activity of glutathione peroxidase, superoxide dismutase and catalase and lipid intensity in stallion semen during storage at 5°C. Theriogenology, 4: 63-135. Kaur, M.; K.K. Tripathi; M.R. Bansal; P.K. Jain and K.G. Gupta (1986). Bacteriology of cervix incases of infertility: effect on human sperm. Am. A.S. Halim; M.S. Syaz ana and K.N. Sirajudeen (2011). Tualang honey has higher phenolic content and greater radical scavenging activity compared ...

his study was conducted to assess the potential effect of Bifidobacterium bifidum ATTC 29521(B. bifidum ) and Bifidobacterium longum ATTC 15707(B. longum) inoculated in yolk sac of developing embryo of broilers at 18 days of incubation on growth parameters, antioxidant and immunological status and gut microflora. Three hundred broiler breeder eggs (Cobb-500) obtained from maternal flock aged 49 weeks were individually weighed at day 18 th of incubation then divided into six equal treatment groups as follow; C-(non-inoculated, negative control); C+ ( (inoculated with sterile distilled water (vehicle), positive control); B.bifidum H (inoculated with 5x109cfu/ ml); B. bifidum L (inoculated with 1x107cfu/ml); B. longum H (inoculated with 2x109cfu/ ml); and B. longum L (inoculated with 7x107cfu/ ml). Results showed that, at 35 days of age live body weight (LBW), average daily weight gain (ADWG) and feed conversion ratio (FCR) were significantly improved in bacterial inoculation groups compared with control groups. Improvement in antioxidant status was noted at 35 days of age in bacterial injected groups. Serum GSH content was insignificant increased while MDA content was significantly decreased in B. bifidum H and B. longum H groups. Moreover, SOD activity was significantly increased in B. bifidum H and B. longum L groups. Immunological parameters were also enhanced with inoculation of bifidobacteria strains. Serum concentration of total immunoglobulins, IgG and IgM were significantly increased with bifidobacteria inoculation compared with control groups. Furthermore, antibody titer against NDV was increased during the secondary response in injected groups than control groups. All examined microbiological parameters were also significantly affected by in ovo inoculation with bifidobacteria strains. A significant reduction was recorded for total bacteria, total coliform, fecal coliform and Salmonella spp. counts, however, bifidobacteria and total lactic acid bacteria were significantly increased in inoculation groups than controls. It is concluded that injection of B. bifidum and B. longum enhances growth, antioxidant and Immunological status, activities of gut microflora and reducing the pathogenic bacteria of Cobb-500 broiler chickens. The recommended dose of in ovo inoculation is 5x10 9 cfu / ml of B. bifidum and 7x10 7 cfu / ml of B. longum.

Eighty weanedAlexandria line male rabbits, about 5 weeks old with an average body weight of 575.4±85.7 g, were randomly distributed into four experimental groups of 20 rabbits each and 5 replicates per treatment (4 rabbits each), fed a basal diet and drinking tab water without additives (Control rabbits, C); 2 nd (T 1 ), 3 rd (T 2 ), and 4 th (T 3 ) groups received drinking tab water supplemented with different probiotic sources at 1 ml of Grow star, 0.5 ml of FIDAL, and 1 ml of effective micro-organisms (EM1) of the additives mixture per liter, respectively. Experimental period was lasted for 5 weeks until 10 weeks of age.These results showed that a significant increase in body weight and body weight gain of T 2 and T 3 , while feed intake was a significantly increased in T 3 as compared to other groups. However, feed conversion ratio mathematically decreased in T 1 and 156 EL SAWY et al. micro-organisms (EM1) as a water supplementation in rabbits drinking water can be improve productive performance and increase feed utilization without any negative effect on carcass traits and achieve good relative economic efficiency, during summer season. Using Grow Star 1 ml/l of drinking water improved FCR and increased calcium and phosphorus in plasma.