ABSTRACT. This study aims: to describe the composition and behavior of exhaust gases of motorized vehicles that can have an impact on human health. Based on the results of a theoretical study of various information that the main pollutants in motor vehicle exhaust gases are carbon monoxide (CO), hindrocarbon compounds, nitrogen oxides (NOx) and sulfur (SOx), and dust particulates including lead (PB). Chemical reactions in the atmosphere sometimes take place in a long and complex reaction chain, and produce an end product that can be more active or weaker than the original compound. Motor vehicle exhaust gases which have an impact on health are classified as follows; (1). Pollutants which mainly interfere with the respiratory tract. Included in this group are sulfur oxides, particulates, nitrogen oxides, ozone and other oxides, (2). Pollutants that cause systemic poisons, such as monoxide and lead / lead hydrocarbons, (3). Pollutants suspected of causing cancer such as hydrocarbons, (4). Conditions that interfere with comfort such as noise, street dust, etc. So the conclusion is that in anticipating the negative impacts caused by motor vehicle exhaust gases, the role of the government in setting several regulations and policies in the environmental field is needed, where every business or activity is prohibited from violating the quality standards and standard criteria of environmental damage set by government. ABSTRAK. Penelitian ini bertujuan: menguraikan tentang komposisi dan perilaku gas buangan kendaraan bermotor yang dapat berdampak pada kesehatan manusia. Berdasarkan hasil kajian teori dari berbagai informasi bahwa bahan pencemar yang utama didalam gas buangan kendaraan bermotor adalah karbon monoksida (CO), senyawa hindrokarbon, oksida nitrogen (NOx) dan sulfur (SOx), dan partikulat debu termasuk timbel (PB). Reaksi kimia di atmosfer kadangkala berlangsung dalam suatu rantai reaksi yang panjang dan rumit, dan menghasilkan produk akhir yang dapat lebih aktif atau lebih lemah dibandingkan senyawa aslinya. Gas buang kendaraan bermotor yang berdampak pada kesehatan digolongkan sebagai berikut; (1). Bahan – bahan pencemar yang terutama mengganggu saluran pernafasan. Yang termasuk dalam golongan ini adalah oksida sulfur, partikulat, oksida nitrogen, ozon dan oksida lainnya, (2). Bahan– bahan pencemar yang menimbulkan pengaruh racun sistemik, seperti hidrokarbon monoksida dan timbel/timah hitam, (3).Bahan-bahan pencemar yang dicurigai menimbulkan kanker seperti hidrokarbon, (4). Kondisi yang mengganggu kenyamanan seperti kebisingan, debu jalanan, dll. Sehingga kesimpulannya bahwa dalam mengantisipasi dampak negatif yang ditimbulkan oleh gas buangan kendaraan bermotor, maka peran pemerintah dalam menetapkan beberapa peraturan dan kebijaksanaan di bidang lingkungan hidup sangat dibutuhkan, dimana setiap usaha atau kegiatan dilarang melanggar baku mutu dan kriteria baku kerusakan lingkungan hidup yang telah ditetapkan oleh pemerintah.

This study aimed to describe the botanical description, conservation status and potentials of  Sulawesi native lontar palm trees (Barassus flabellifer Linn)    in Jeneponto district, South Sulawesi, Indonesia. This study was extended to include a study on the community’s attitude towards preservation of lontar palm trees involving 30 people distributed  over  three research sites. Overall 53% of the dry-land in Jeneponto district is grown by lontar palm trees with the tree density ranging from 50 trees per ha for trees aged between 1-5 years; 37 trees per ha for trees aged between 5-10 years; and 32 trees per ha for trees aged more than 10 years. New lontar palm trees which are being managed by the local communities are planted on 27% of the land area. Tamalatea sub- district has the largest lontar palm tree population in Jeneponto District.

This study aims to analyze the impact of diversification of exports on economic growth in the ASEAN. The sample used in this study is the eight member countries of ASEAN for the period 2006-2014. The dependent variable is the growth of income per capita, while the independent variable which is based on the theory of Solow growth include number of workers, total of investment and export diversification index. The Observations are estimated using pooled least square. Based on these results, the majority of ASEAN countries have positive relation between export diversification index and the growth of income per capita. At times of crisis, the export diversification index in the ASEAN is no longer a positive impact on national income which is shown by the negative coefficient on the dummy variable interaction between the global crisis of 2008 with an export diversification index.

Abstract-The study aims to investigate the characteristics of citizen behavior in the development of urban farming in the city of Makassar, South Sulawesi Province. The sample selection is using probability sampling of 300 respondents aged 18-60 years from various levels of education, gender, and social status. Questionnaire developed from six variables, namely: environmental knowledge, knowledge of urban farming, subjective norms, and motivation in development of urban farming, environmental attitudes, and behavioral development of urban farming. Research using structural equation modeling (SEM). The results showed that the knowledge of urban farming directly influences of citizen behavior of urban farming. If the citizen is high, the formation of behavioral development of urban farming will raise. Environmental knowledge, motivation, and subjective norms indirectly influence of citizen behavioral of urban farming through their environmental attitudes.

Permintaan produk halal UMKM meningkat secara signifikan di setiap daerah, hal ini tidak terlepas dari peran produsen UMKM sebagai penyedia produk halal. Dalam penelitian ini yang menjadi objek penelitian adalah para produsen dari UMKM yang ada di wilayah Bangkalan Madura. Penelitian ini dilakukan terhadap produsen untuk mengetahui faktor apa saja yang mempengaruhi keputusan sertifikasi halal. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui proses produsen UMKM di Bangkalan mendapatkan sertifikasi halal dari Badan Penyelenggara Jaminan Produk Halal (BPJPH) dengan menggunakan pendekatan regresi linier berganda melalui variabel religiusitas, pengetahuan, pemahaman, dan biaya sertifikasi. Hasil dari penelitian ini adalah: religiusitas tidak berpengaruh signifikan terhadap keputusan sertifikasi halal oleh produsen UMKM di Bangkalan. Sedangkan variabel pengetahuan, pemahaman, dan biaya sertifikasi berpengaruh signifikan terhadap keputusan sertifikasi halal oleh produsen UMKM. Berdasarkan hasil tersebut, perlu dilakukan penelitian lebih lanjut untuk mengidentifikasi faktor-faktor lain yang mendorong produsen UMKM mengolah dan memutuskan sertifikasi halal.