Aging is caused by an imbalance between antioxidants and ROS. Nuclear Factor Erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) is a transcription factor that regulates antioxidant genes. Under normal conditions, Nrf2 will bind keap1 and cause degradation of Nrf2. Nrf2 activation can be stimulated by secondary metabolites, such as glucosinolate (glucoraphanin and sulforaphane) and phenolic (kaempferol and quercetin) groups found in broccoli (Brassica oleracea). The purposes of this study were to analyze the interaction of the four compounds with Keap1 through molecular docking, to identify interactions that inhibit Keap1, and also to know the bioactivity scores, drug-likeness, and bioactivity prediction of each compound. The Nrf2-Keap1 protein (ID: 2FLU) structure was retrieved from the protein database, whereas the quercetin (CID: 5280343); kaempferol (CID: 5280863), sulforaphane (CID: 5350), and glucoraphanin (CID: 656556) were obtained from the PubChem Database. Molecular docking was done with HEX 8.0. The docking results were visualized with Discovery Studio 2020. Drug-likeness and bioactivity scores of the compounds were identified using mollinspiration. Prediction of bioactivity was carried out with PASS Online. The results showed that the binding energy of quercetin with Keap1 was -268.72 kcal.mol -1 , and glucoraphanin with Keap1 was -318.01 kcal.mol -1 . We found that quercetin from the phenolic group and glucoraphanin from the glucosinolate group had a strong interaction with Keap1, indicated by the number of interactions occurred and the smaller energy needed. Hence both compounds could inhibit the interaction of Keap1-Nrf2. Consequently, Nrf2 could transcribe antioxidant genes. The interaction between Keap1 and quercetin may play a role related to ROS reduction activities, such as enhancing HMOXI expression. This study indicates that quercetin has more potential in drug development as peroxidase inhibitors.

Indonesia has wide cultivation of purple sweet potatoes (PSP) commodities, particularly in East Java province. However, the difference of phytochemical profiles in PSP among geographical regions has not been fully explored. This study aimed to analyze the phytochemicals, anthocyanin, and antioxidant activity profiles from two different cultivars of PSP from Lawang and Kawi Mountain region, East Java, Indonesia. The acidified methanol extract was identified for a phytochemical compound using standard methods. Antioxidant activity was analyzed using a ferric reducing assay. Anthocyanins were screened using ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy and total calculation. Both extracts have positive values in their alkaloid, phenolic, flavonoid, glycoside, and tannin content. Antioxidant activity was high with IC50 value 2.5 and 2.3 µg. mL -1 for Lawang and Kawi Mountain, respectively. Each cultivar has a similar peak at 521 nm at pH 1 and 530 nm at pH 4.5. Total anthocyanin calculation was showed that Lawang has higher anthocyanin content than Kawi Mountain cultivar. We concluded that PSP from Lawang has better anthocyanin content than the Kawi Mountain cultivar. We proposed that PSP from the Lawang cultivar has the potential to be explored in further research and health-related product development.

The study aimed to observed the 3-D structure of GAPDH protein and identify the GAPDH gene sequences mutation of chicken drumstick meat (Gallus gallus). The sample of chicken meat was randomly taken in four districts in Malang city. In this study, the DNA was isolated from drumstick meat chicken samples, amplified using proper primers, and then sequenced using ABI 3730xl DNA Sequencer. The DNA sequences alignments analyzed by BioEdit software and the control sequence of GAPDH gene was obtained from NCBI GenBank (sequence Gene ID: 374193). Then, the amino acid sequence and 3D structure of GAPDH protein were determined based on the change of nucleotide sequences using Swiss model and PyMol software. The nucleotide sequence of a partially GAPDH gene of drumstick meat chicken from districts two is completely different with a 97 percent similarity level, which found twelve nucleotides’ substitutions mutation between nucleotide base number 354 until 777 and three nucleotides inserted between T753 and G754 nucleotide base. These mutations changed the amino acid sequence and 3D structure of GAPDH protein. This result suggests that the differential drumstick chicken meat GAPDH sequences and 3D structure may induce the change of protein-protein interaction and induction.