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Bacterial resistance to antibiotics is global issue. Many antibiotics which is used is used in common practice against bacterial strain are no more effective against it. Same is the case of hyper virulent Klebsiella pneumoniae (hvKp) mostly clinical isolates of this bacteria are multi drug resistant and can cause a verity of infections. Our study aims to screen five novel chiral phthalimides (1, 3 dioxoisoindolin-2-y1)-4-methytopheonic acid labelled as FIB, 2-(1, 3-dioxoisoindlin-2y1)-4(methythio) butamic acid (FIC), 2-(1,3dioxoisoindolin-2yl)-3 meracaptopropanic acid (FIF) 2-(1-3-dioxoisoindolin-2yl)-3(4-hydroxyphnyl prophanic acid(FIH) and 3-(1, 3 dioxoisoindolin-2yl) prophanic acid (FII) against multi drug resistant hvKp and to check its cytotoxic effect against human red blood cells (RBC’s). Activity of these compounds were measured through different techniques e.g. Agar well diffusion, disc diffusion and macro broth dilution method. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of these compounds were measured as well. All five compounds were bactericidal and were observed with different concentration of inhibition e.g. MIC for FIC, FIB, FII, FIF and FIH against hvKp were 6mg/ml, 25mg/ml, 25mg/ml, 50mg/ml and 100mg/ml. This result show that FIC have strong activity against hvKp as compared to other compounds. None of these five compounds were toxic to human RBC’s. Chiral phthalimides showed strong antibacterial activity against hvKp and were none toxic to human RBC’s.

Objectives: Brucellosis is a neglected zoonotic disease in Pakistan, but it causes immense impact on livestock and public health.  This study was done to determine the prevalence of Brucellosis in occupationally high-risk groups encompassing butchers, milkers, and cattle caretakers in district Swabi, Mardan, and Peshawar of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. Methods: In this descriptive cross-sectional study, 300 blood samples were collected through a non-probability purposive sampling technique from occupationally high-risk groups including butchers, milkers, and cattle caretakers at district Swabi, Mardan, and Peshawar from December 1, 2017, to March 31, 2018. All the blood samples were centrifuged and the serum was separated for further testing. Serum agglutination test was used for the detection of Brucellosis and the reagents used for this method were purchased from Biosciences PTE Ltd, Singapore. Results: Out of 300 blood samples, 111 samples were positive and the overall prevalence of Brucellosis was 37% in occupationally high-risk groups. The overall 37% prevalence of Brucellosis comprised of 70% of B. abortus, 21.6% of B. melitensis, and 8.1% of both B. abortus and B. melitensis simultaneously. The prevalence of Brucellosis in butchers was 27.6%, milkers 13.3%, and cattle caretakers 45.7% while prevalence in males was 33% and in females 39.6%. The prevalence of Brucellosis in district Swabi was 45%, Mardan 33.3%, and Peshawar 30%. The socio demographic factors including age group, occupation, and locality showed statistically significant results. Conclusion:  The prevalence of Brucellosis is considerably higher in occupationally high-risk groups in district Swabi, Mardan, and Peshawar, Pakistan.

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