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Poly(ether sulfone)/activated carbon (PES-AC) hybrid beads, with various proportions of activated carbon (AC) or amounts of added propylene glycol (PG), were prepared with a liquid-liquid phase-separation technique. The specific surface area, porosity, diameter, and pore volume of the prepared beads were characterized. The adsorption of creatinine from a Tyrode buffer solution (pH 7.4) on different PES-AC hybrid beads was investigated through batch experiments at 258C. The experimental results suggested that creatinine adsorption was enhanced by an increase in the AC or PG proportion added during the preparation of the PES-AC hybrid beads. The masstransfer model was applied to the experimental data for the analysis of the kinetic results. The experimental creatinine adsorption isotherms were adequately fitted with both Langmuir and Freundlich equations. Tests of the hemolysis ratio and protein adsorption were carried out. The results showed that the hemolysis ratio of the prepared beads was lower than 5%. The adsorption of creatinine was affected by the presence of serum albumin but not significantly enough to hinder its applications in blood purification.

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The synergistic effects of pentaerythritol (PER) with aluminum hypophosphite (AHP) in halogen-free flame retardant EVA/AHP/PER composites have been studied by cone calorimeter test (CCT), limiting oxygen index (LOI), vertical burning test (UL-94), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The data obtained from CCT show that the suitable amount of PER could considerably decrease the HRR and SPR values and prolong the combustion time of the EVA/AHP/PER composites. The results from LOI and UL-94 show that a suitable amount of PER played synergistic effects on EVA/AHP/PER composites which increased the LOI value. The TGA data reveal that PER increased the char residues of the EVA/AHP/PER composites which made the EVA/AHP/PER composites have better thermal stability. SEM measurement results give positive evidence that the compact charred layers formed when 8 wt% AHP is substituted with PER and rich compact char layers could explain the excellent flame retardance. The mechanical properties results indicate that when AHP is substituted with a suitable amount PER, the tensile strength and elongation at break of EVA/AHP/PER composites can be maintained.