Aquaculture, especially of non-native species and translocated domestic species, is a greatly encouraged way of relieving the conflicts between food and economic demand and resource depletion. We herein summarized the introduction history of non-native fish for aquacultural use in China, including 105 species introduced from abroad and 61 species translocated domestically across river basins, which has brought great economic benefits but high ecological risks. Of these, one-fourth have successfully established wild populations in natural waters and 15% have successfully invaded. We presented specific examples of seven aquaculture species/taxa and three aquarium species/taxa to explain their outcomes. The notable economic benefits, complex species composition and strain selection of tilapias, carps and sturgeons may together facilitate their invasion, and result in fish diversity decline, genetic pollution, and loss of ecosystem service. We specifically reviewed invasion cases in lakes and reservoirs and found that lakes in western China and reservoirs made by major This article is a Sena De Silva paper. The Sena De Silva paper is an honorific title dedicated to the memory of Professor Sena De Silva, who was the founding editor of Reviews in Aquaculture and a globally renowned aquaculture scholar, pioneer and advocate. The title is awarded to high quality articles that excel in one, or more, of the following qualities: i) Novelty and originality; ii) Likelihood of direct positive impacts for the aquaculture sector, with keen focus on any of, or all three: environmental sustainability, economic viability, and social responsibility iii) Overall quality of scientific reasonings coupled with realworld applicability.

Acanthogobius ommaturus is a euryhaline fish widely distributed in coastal, bay and estuarine areas, showing a strong tolerance to salinity. In order to understand the mechanism of adaptation to salinity stress, RNA-seq was used to compare the transcriptome responses of Acanthogobius ommaturus to the changes of salinity. Four salinity gradients, 0 psu, 15 psu (control), 30 psu and 45 psu were set to conduct the experiment. In total, 131,225 unigenes were obtained from the gill tissue of A. ommaturus using the Illumina HiSeq 2000 platform (San Diego, USA). Compared with the gene expression profile of the control group, 572 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were screened, with 150 at 0 psu, 170 at 30 psu, and 252 at 45 psu. Additionally, among these DEGs, Gene Ontology (GO) analysis indicated that binding, metabolic processes and cellular processes were significantly enriched. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathways analysis detected 3, 5 and 8 pathways related to signal transduction, metabolism, digestive and endocrine systems at 0 psu, 30 psu and 45 psu, respectively. Based on GO enrichment analysis and manual literature searches, the results of the present study indicated that A. ommaturus mainly responded to energy metabolism, ion transport and signal transduction to resist the damage caused by salinity stress. Eight DEGs were randomly selected for further validation by quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) and the results were consistent with the RNA-seq data.

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