have been successfully commercialized. Unfortunately, these crystals are hindered for further extensive applications due to their inherent drawbacks, such as low laser damage threshold (34 MW cm -2 and 13 MW cm -2 for AgGaS 2 and AgGaSe 2 , respectively) [5] and severe optical absorption for ZnGeP 2 . In addition, nonoxide crystals such as CdGeAs 2 , LiInS 2 and CdSiP 2 are commonly grown by Bridgman method. [6] The growth process of Bridgman method cannot be observed and adjusted in real time because of the closed system, making it challenging to obtain large-size single crystals with high optical quality. Unlike chalcogenides and pnictides, oxide NLO crystals usually have wide band gap and large laser damage threshold, which are important for NLO materials. [7] Meanwhile, oxide crystals possess good growth habits and excellent physical properties, which is very beneficial to large-scale commercialization. However, considering the absorption of high-frequency phonons or their overtones from light atoms, most of the oxide crystals are difficult to completely cover the 3-5 µm atmospheric window. Therefore, it is urgent to develop novel mid-IR NLO materials with wider transmission range, larger nonlinear coefficient, and higher laser damage threshold.High-performance ferroelectric crystals are some of the important and widely used functional materials in optical fields, owing to their excellent electro-optical, acousto-optical, and second-order NLO properties. [8] For example, LiNbO 3 crystal has been considered as one of the most commercial crystals for applications in nonlinear optics owing to the extraordinary properties, such as large NLO coefficients, moderate birefringence, phase-matchability, and high crystal quality. [9] However, because of the high-density light scattering domains existing in most high-performance ferroelectrics crystals, the realization of transparent ferroelectrics crystals with giant second-harmonic generation (SHG) has long been a challenge. [10] Despite more decades of effort, ferroelectric crystals with high transparency and giant SHG have been difficult to realize. Until 2020, Qiu et al. obtained transparent Pb(Mg 1/3 Nb 2/3 )O 3 -PbTiO 3 (PMN-PT) single crystal by applying alternating current to engineer the domain structures. [8b] This crystal exhibits a good transparency, a high piezoelectric coefficient, and a large electro-optical Environment-friendly lead-free potassium-sodium niobate (KNN) has become one of the most extensively investigated ferroelectrics in the past decade, while high transparency KNN single crystal has never been realized yet. Here, a transparent KNN single crystal is successfully grown by the top seeded solution growth method. The KNN crystal possesses a very wide transmittance range of 0.37-8 µm, completely covering the important mid-infrared atmospheric transparent window (3-5 µm). Noticeably, the KNN crystal exhibits the largest second-harmonic generation efficiency (7.6× that of potassium-titanyl phosphate (KTP)) with type-I phase matchability unde...

This paper introduces the buy-up behavior to the callable mechanism of seat inventory control, creating a modified callable mechanism, and studies the airline revenue under the modified mechanism. Specifically, the willingness to pay of consumers was taken as the reference of utility, according to the utility metrics of the prospect theory. Then, the willingness to pay for three types of tickets was expressed in the form of exponential smoothing. Next, the buy-up (demand transfer) probabilities were derived under four different relationships between the willingness to pay and ticket prices. On this basis, the traditional callable mechanism was modified, and the conditions for revenue growth were identified for different buy-up behaviors. Finally, the modified callable mechanism and the traditional one were compared through two cases study. The results show that, the modified mechanism, which considers the buy-up behavior, achieved a 3.17% (in CASE A) or 0.74% (in CASE B) higher airline revenue than the traditional mechanism. The research results shed new light on the callable mechanism from the perspective of consumer choice.

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B[Formula: see text]Ca[Formula: see text]TiO3 (BCT) single crystal has been widely studied as a promising lead-free ferroelectric material. In this work, high-quality BCT crystal was successfully grown by the Czochralski (CZ) method. The as-grown crystal is crack-free and shows black coloration. It possesses a high dielectric stability over a wide temperature range, while the dielectric loss is rather small below 90[Formula: see text]C. Furthermore, it possesses excellent ferroelectric properties with residual polarization strength ([Formula: see text]) and coercive field ([Formula: see text][Formula: see text]) of 17.93 [Formula: see text]C/cm2 and 8.47 kV/cm, respectively. Besides, BCT crystal shows large electromechanical coupling factors, with [Formula: see text][Formula: see text], [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] of 0.535, 0.254, 0.714 and 0.721, respectively. The piezoelectric coefficients [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] are measured to be − 36.5, 130 and 246 pC/N, respectively.

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